1. Acids and Bases
To play the movies and simulations included, view the presentation in Slide Show Mode.

2. Acid and Bases – Definitions
Acids are substances that, when dissolved in water produce H+ (hydrogen ion).
H3O+ (hydronium ion) is the same as H+
Examples: HCl, HNO3, H2SO4, H3PO4
Bases are substances that, when dissolved in water produce OH- (hydroxide).
Examples: NaOH, LiOH, Ba(OH)2, NH3

3. Acids Acid Properties Taste sour Corrode metals
Water solutions conduct electricity (electrolytes)
Have pH less than 7
React with bases to form a salt and water
Turn blue litmus paper pink

4. Bases Base Properties Taste bitter or chalky
Water solutions conduct electricity (electrolytes)
Feel soapy, slippery
React with acid to produce a salt and water
Have pH greater than 7
Turn pink litmus paper blue

5. Acid and Bases

6. Acid and Bases

7. Acid and Bases
To test the pH of an acid or a base litmus paper is used.
Watch this VIDEO to learn how to use litmus paper.
Take notes on the video.

8. Acid and Bases pH is an indicator of how acidic a solution.
pH = -log [H+]
[H+] = 10(-pH) (use the 10x key)
Examples on the next slide.

9. Acid and Bases Example:
What is the pH of a solution that contains x 10-4 H3O+?
pH = - log (5.6 x 10-4)
pH = 3.25
What is the [H+] of a solution with pH = 10.3?
[H+] = 10(-pH)
[H+] = 10(-10.3)
[H+] = 5.01 x 10-11

10. The pH Scale Which is more acidic, lemon juice or tomato juice?
Which is more basic, baking soda or bleach?

11. Two Virtual pH Labs Click HERE to access the “pH Basics” lab.
This is what the lab will look like.
at the top of the screen you will
see a drop down menu.
From this menu choose 6 substances,
“pour” them into the container,
submerge the probe and record pH.
You may represent your data in a
T chart similar to the one below.
Substance pH

12. Two Virtual pH Labs
Click HERE to access the “pH Scale” lab. Choose Micro.

13. Two Virtual pH Labs Click HERE to access the “pH Scale” lab.
This is what the lab will look like.
Using the drop down menu, choose at least 6 different substances to add to the container.
The probe will record pH and the concentration will be shown. The next slide will show you how your data should look.

14. Two Virtual pH Labs Data representation for “pH Scale” lab. Substance
[H3O+]
Acidic or Basic?
Record pH and [H3O+] for each substance. From this information, determine if the substance is acidic or basic.
a. For 3 substances, use the pH to calculate [H3O+] (proof that your answer is correct).
b. For the other 3 substances, use [H3O+] to calculate pH (proof that your answer is correct).