1. Logic and Critical Thinking as Basis of Scientific Method and rationality as well as Problem solving
13th Meeting

2. Science Scientia means knowledge Science means systematic knowledge
Exact Science
Social Science

3. Comparison of Scientific and non sicientific
Non scientific
Based on reasoning
Spontaneous and intuitive
Indirect statement
Direct statement
Logic
habitual

4. Scientific Method
Scientific Method is a procedure including thinking, work pattern, and steps to get and to improve knowledge.

5. Explanation
Explanation is a group of statements or story from which the things to be explained. It can logically be infered and whose acceptance removes or diminishes its problematic or puzzling character

6. 5 criteria in judging hypothese
Relevance
Testability
Compatibility with previously well established hypothesis
Predictive or explanotory power
simplicity

7. Pattern of scientific investigation
Problem
Preliminary hypotheses
Collecting additional facts
Formulating the hypotheses
Deducing further consequences
Testing the consequences
applications

8. Basis for problem solving
Inductive logic will be very useful to analyze the most probable cause of incident
Deductive logic will be useful for the application of theory into the consequence as a conclusion

9. Notes before final Exam
Materials of final Exams are from fallacy to Logic as the basis of knowledge and problem solving
Reformulation or translation of argument in ordinary language into standard form of categorical syllogism in deductive argument
Usage of agreement method, different method, joint method of agreement in cases
Critical Thinking: students are able to make critical comments on arguments