1. Journal Entry 12/15/15
What is Napoleon’s largest impact on Europe, why do you believe this to be true?

2. Napoleon - Waterloo (The War of the 6th Coalition)
British led by the Duke of Wellington masses troops near Waterloo (in Belgium)
Napoleon attacks, but British defend their ground
Prussian troops arrive at the last second to help British
Two days later, French troops start to collapse
Napoleon surrenders
British send him to St. Helena, an island in the South Atlantic and the middle of nowhere
It is literally a rock, the worst possible place in the world
He dies there in 1821

3. Daily Agenda/Goals 12/15/15 Agenda: Goals: Finish Napoleon (1 Slide)
Haitian Revolution
Goals:
Content:
Understand how the Haitian Revolution is a precursor for LA revolutions
Skills:
Discussion
Analysis

4. Transatlantic Revolutions
The fever of revolution spreads to the New World

5. Impact of the Enlightenment, American & French Revolutions
Ideas of the Enlightenment come to Americas around the same time as Europe
Rich peninsulares & creoles were famously “slaves” to European fashion, ideas, culture, etc. until well into the 20th century
Intellectual atmosphere was one that wanted a move free society, looser caste system, end to slavery, etc., but never really had the stomach to do it (kinda like Enlightened tyranny)
This was true: for economic (who would produce our resources?),
social (we like having money)
political reasons (church and state tied in Spain so Enlightenment always goes through religion)
American Revolution shows that it is possible for colonies to through off yoke of colonial power & have pop. sovereignty
French Revolution perpetuates the idea that Europeans are ready for Enlightenment ideals (esp. end to slavery)

6. Haitian Revolution part I
What unique characteristics did the colony of St. Domingue have?
Explain the socio-cultural and political situation prior to the Revolution. Why did it succeed where others have failed?
How did the revolutionaries in France react to the uprising in Haiti?
What do Spain & Britain have to do with the Haitian Revolution?
Who is Toussaint Louverture & why is he important? What was his (and the rest of Haiti’s) style of fighting? What type of governmental system did he establish?

7. Haitian Revolution part II
How did Louverture overreach and upset Napoleon? How does this dovetail with the Napoleonic Wars in Europe?
How did Napoleonic France treat slaves and other people of color?
Who ruled Haiti after Louverture? How did he rule & what was his fate?
Why did the Haitian Revolution succeed where other similar revolutions failed?
What was Haiti’s international “status” as a result of the revolution?

8. Journal Entry 12/16/15
Since today is the last day we are going to have a journal entry before break, I must ask the following question…
How did the bubonic plague lead to the papacy in Avignon?
Just kidding 
What are you plans for break, why will your break be better than everyone else in this class?

9. Agenda/Goals 12/16/15 Agenda: Goals: Latin American Revolutions
Content:
Understand key components that led to revolutions in Latin America
Discuss and understand the three major Latin American Revolutions
Skills:
Note taking
Discussion
Analysis

10. LA – Background
Two major powers in LA Spanish and Portuguese
(French in Hispaniola, but as you studied not forever)
Spanish control most of Central America (Mexico) and a great deal of South America (Peru)
Portuguese control Brazil
Spanish have a lot more money than Portuguese because of Silver/Gold mines in Mexico and Peru
Guanajuato (Mexico)
Potosi (Peru)
Brazil has sugar plantations
Jesuits spread throughout both Central and South America and Catholicism spreads

12. In your table groups define hegemony:
LA – Background
In your table groups define hegemony:
System of control through the use of soft power; alliances and agreements amongst the people that are being controlled
This is done in two ways in LA
Through the use of Catholicism
LA societies are patriarchal
From about LA goes through the process of Transculturation
The mixing of two (or more) cultures both on a cultural level and on a race level

13. LA – Background 1750 and beyond
In about 1750 things change, LA goes through the Bourbon (Spanish) or Pombuline (Portuguese) reforms
Monarchs need LA colonies to server their economic interests explicitly
Raise taxes and prices of goods
Creoles lose ruling power to Peninsulares
Got rid of Jesuits
Monarchs in Europe felt that the Jesuits had too much control over political affairs in LA

14. LA – Absolute Problems Caste system perpetuates haves vs. have nots
Challenging (like in all caste systems) to move up
Can move up and down in caste system based on how much money you have “money whitens”
Castes go from European (high) to full blood Indigenous (low)
Creoles tend to feel stronger nationalism to colonies than homeland
True in North American colonies too
Creoles resent Peninsulares for loyalty to the motherland (feels like rule by a foreign power)
Lower classes severely oppressed by both (this is not their Revolution) groups through peonage (debt) & encomienda system
Spain and Portugal both tend to rule more absolute & directly than other colonies—continue to exercise hegemony a lot

16. LA - Tupac Amaru & other failed attempts
Series of minor revolts throughout Latin America in 18th century
Generally tend to be amongst oppressed workers, natives, or renegade early caudillos outside of cities
Sometimes put down, sometimes not, usually not a major threat till they disrupt the economy or impact cities

17. LA - Tupac Amaru & other failed attempts
Most famous is Tupac Amaru II’s attempted revolt in modern Peru
Amaru was descendent (maybe) of last Incan king, who rallied peasants, natives and lower class creoles in guerilla war
Betrayed & executed (in horrific fashion, I’ll get to this)
led to series of laws by Spanish promising reform (but not delivering) and cracking down on native culture
Made Peninsulars uneasy & showed Spanish did not have absolute control

19. Peninsular War & Bonapartism in South America
Late 1807 Napoleon moves on Iberia
Brings great reforms but underestimates nationalism
Makes brother the King of Spain
Effectively causes Old Spain to lose control on Latin America
Institutes economic reform in Latin America but also causes nationalism to ramp up
Makes Creoles feel like they can and need to take over their countries for themselves rather than be ruled by Napoleon (done in name of popular sovereignty)
Marches on Lisbon
Causes the entire Portuguese court (with help of GB) to relocate to Rio de Janeiro

20. South American Revolutions
Outside of Caribbean can basically be broken down into three key groups:
Mexico
Brazil
Bolivarian Revolutions (rest of Latin America)
Causes variety of different ideas, leaders and results to occur (Bolivar, Hidalgo & Morales, Pedro I, etc.)
Leads to popularity of Caudillos and Conservative Rule  many argue one ruling class replaced another & little changed for a average person
Church generally keeps power it doesn’t have in Europe
Everywhere but Cuba is independent by 1830s

21. Latin American Rev. Questions
Answer the following questions when explaining your revolution to the other groups…
What was the spark that caused the revolution, who was its leader, the course of the revolution (if applicable)?
Explain the difference between life before and after your revolution
Was life better before or after the revolution occurred?