1. Utopia Model United Nations 2018
Orientation Session

2. Section 1: United Nations

3. What is the united Nations?
The United Nations is the world's largest, foremost, and most prominent intergovernmental organization to promote international peace and co-operation. It provides a forum for dialogue to tackle global issues.

4. When, Where and Who formed it ?
The United Nations officially came into existence on 24 October 1945, in San Francisco, when the UN Charter had been ratified by a majority of the original 51 Member States.

5. Why was it formed ?
The purpose of the United Nations is to bring all nations of the world together to work for peace and development, based on the principles of justice, human dignity and the well-being of all people. It affords the opportunity for countries to balance global interdependence and national interests when addressing international problems. There are currently 193 Members of the United Nations. The United Nations’ Headquarters is in Manhattan, New York City.

6. The United Nations is an international organization founded in 1945
The United Nations is an international organization founded in It is currently made up of 193 Member States. The mission and work of the United Nations are guided by the purposes and principles contained in its founding Charter
Due to the powers vested in its Charter and its unique international character, the United Nations can take action on the issues confronting humanity in the 21st century, such as peace and security, climate change, sustainable development, human rights, disarmament, terrorism, humanitarian and health emergencies, gender equality, governance, food production, and more
The UN also provides a forum for its members to express their views in the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, and other bodies and committees. By enabling dialogue between its members, and by hosting negotiations, the Organization has become a mechanism for governments to find areas of agreement and solve problems together.

7. Section 2 Model United Nations

8. What is Model United Nations?
Model United Nations is an academic simulation of the United Nations that aims to educate participants about civics, current events and diplomacy.

9. What do the participants do?
Participants in a model united nation have various roles. The major ones are:
Investigate international issues.
Take the role of Diplomats.
Research on a country.
Develop solutions to world problems.
Debate, Deliberate and Consult

10. Section 3 United Nations’ Organs And Associated Committees

11. Organs of the united nations
The United Nations' system is based on five principal organs:
the General Assembly
the Security Council
the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)
the Secretariat
the International Court of Justice.
A sixth principal organ, the Trusteeship Council, suspended operations in 1994, upon the independence of Palau, the last remaining UN trustee territory.

12. The General Assembly
The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA or GA) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations and the only one in which all member nations have equal representation. Its powers are to oversee the budget of the United Nations, appoint the non-permanent members to the Security Council, receive reports from other parts of the United Nations and make recommendations in the form of General Assembly Resolutions. It has also established a wide number of subsidiary organs.

14. The General Assembly Has Six Main Committees Namely:
The First Committee: Disarmament and International Security (DISEC)
The Second Committee: Economic and Financial (ECOFIN)
The Third Committee: Social, Cultural, and Humanitarian (SOCHUM)
The Fourth Committee: Special Political and Decolonisation (SPECPOL)
The Fifth Committee: Administrative and Budgetary and general
The Sixth Committee: Legal

15. Disarmament and International Security
The First Committee of the General Assembly handles matters of Disarmament and International Security (DISEC). A crux to the UN mission is to promote international security and relative peace among nations. DISEC addresses this mission by dedicating itself to the principles of peace and security. DISEC’s powers are restricted as it cannot dictate its recommendations be taken into action by any nation. Despite the lack of power, the committee provides a valuable forum for debating the security of nations. 

17. Economic and Financial
The Second Committee of the General Assembly, ECOFIN deals with issues related to
economic growth and development
financing for development
sustainable development
poverty eradication, and other economic and financial world issues

19. Social, Cultural and Humanitarian
The Social, Cultural, and Humanitarian (SOCHUM) committee was established soon after the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948, as the third of the six General Assembly committees. It is an opportunity for the majority of UN members to address cultural preservation, and social and humanitarian development – both being pillars of the UN’s mission. SOCHUM focuses strongly on human rights, the availability of said rights, and the procedures set by the Human Rights Council. SOCHUM has developed since 1948 to encompass nearly all issues of social and humanitarian justice including, but not limited to, gender relations, crime prevention, and genocide prevention.

20. Special Political and Decolonization
The Fourth Committee of the General Assembly discusses a variety of topics. The Special Political and Decolonization Committee was created in 1993 to handle situations of political destabilization, as well as issues concerning self determination, decolonization, and the use of UN peacekeeping forces. 

22. Budgetary and Administrative
The Fifth Committee is the Committee of the General Assembly with responsibilities for administration and budgetary matters. Based on the reports of the Fifth Committee, the General Assembly considers and approves the budget of the Organization.

24. Legal
The Sixth Committee is the primary forum for the consideration of legal questions in the General Assembly.

25. The security council
The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations and is charged with the maintenance of international peace and security. Its powers, outlined in the United Nations Charter, include the establishment of peacekeeping operations, the establishment of international sanctions, and the authorization of military action. Its powers are exercised through United Nations Security Council resolutions.

27. Economic and Social Council
ECOSOC is an important organ of the United Nation which serves as the central forum to discuss international economic and social issues , achieve the Millennium Development Goals, Coordinate Financing for Development, Strengthen Emergency Humanitarian Assistance, Promote Economic and Social Needs of Post-Conflict Countries, Secure Continuous Political Commitment.

29. UN Human Rights Council
The Human Rights Council is a body responsible for strengthening the promotion and protection of human rights, addressing human rights violations and make recommendations on them. The Council assesses the human rights situation in all 193 UN Member States. It also continues to work closely with the UN Special Procedures established by the former Commission on Human Rights.

31. Ad-Hoc Committee
In1996 The General Assembly decided to establish an Ad hoc committee to elaborate an international convention for the suspension of terrorist bombing. Subsequently the Ad hoc committee was established which works on the understanding that all proposals remain on the table and ‘nothing is agreed until everything is agreed.’ In case a Crisis situation arises that poses a threat to the national security of nations, the Ad-Hoc committee is called upon. This committee works in real time as the crisis unfolds.

32. Section 5 Benefits Of MUNing

33. “Why should I do MUNs?”
It’s a fun way of learning about the world. In this era of globalization, being globally aware is more important than ever. Also, having fun makes it easier to learn something and is more likely to stay with us. It develops leadership and self-deception skills. MUN is an exercise in research, strategy , public speaking, and teamwork. These are skills that you will need throughout your life, and MUN gives you a chance to practice them while you’re a student. You can leverage your MUN experience and network to get into college and find jobs. Admissions officers and job interviewers look for examples of leadership, and your experiences as a delegate or conference organizer will be good examples. Model UN is useful. Model UN is often the best mix of academic, rhetorical competitiveness and cooperation & teamwork. Lots of students did make the career choices they wanted because of the content and skills they gained doing Model UN.

34. What MUN Actually Teaches us
To get on stage and say it
Becoming a zealous activist
Diplomacy
Learning to Lead the Pack.
Model UN imbibes these skills for a lifetime.
What MUN Actually Teaches us

35. In a Model United Nations
Basis
In the United Nations
In a Model United Nations
Rules of Procedure
The UN utilizes formal rules of procedure.
In form of brief guidelines.
MUN’s have additional rules beyond the United Nations.
Some MUN’s try to incorporate unprecedented rules utilised in the UN Rules.
Speaker’s List
In a typical formal meeting, each country will speak once, possibly with an additional right of reply at the end of the meeting if a response to another country is required.
Many conferences always have lists of speakers, with a delegation allowed to add its name to the end of the list after it speaks in order to speak again at a later time.
Caucusing
95% or more of the UN's time is spent in behind-the-scenes caucusing. Formal meetings typically run their course, with most delegations speaking once, and with only appropriate breaks for meals or the end of the day. Caucusing then occurs outside of formal meetings.
Model UN caucusing is typically done as a break from the meeting(often called a "Suspension of the Meeting"), in which the member states stay in the meeting room and break up into their regional or other bloc groups
Consensus
More than 70% of all UN resolutions now pass by consensus.
Resolutions at Model UN conferences are rarely passed by a consensus.

36. The end