1. Franklin Delano Roosevelt and The New Deal
Democratic Governor of New York during Hoover’s Presidency
Campaigned on the promise of a “new deal” for the American people.
“Try anything, but try something.”

2. The 3 R’s Relief Recovery Reform
-Provide aid to people in the immediacy (short term)
-Get the economy up and running again (intermediate)
-Fix “the system” so this never happens again (long term)

3. FDR’s Background

4. FDR’s Background, con’t
-taught that he was “lucky” to be born into wealth and privilege.
-should use his opportunities to give back to society and especially those less fortunate.

5. Eleanor Roosevelt

6. FDR’s Background, con’t
1915 – appointed under-secretary of the Navy by Pres. Wilson
1921 – contracted Polio

7. “We have nothing to fear except fear itself”
Empathy

8. The First New Deal Concept of a President’s “First 100 Days”
Fireside Chats
The Depression is not the average person’s fault.
-caused by bad banking, bad investing and bad business practices
Concept of a President’s “First 100 Days”
The Bank “Holiday”
FDIC – Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
Insures funds up to $100,000 per account
SEC – Securities and Exchange Commission
FERA - Federal Emergency Relief Administration

9. The First New Deal, con’t
Agricultural Sector
Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
-paid land owners not to farm, or to destroy already existing farm products
-waste during times of near starvation
Problems:
-eviction of tenant farmers and sharecroppers
- Favored corporate agriculture at the expense of small farms

10. The First New Deal, con’t
Industrial Sector
National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)
-government/business cooperation to set prices and production levels
-favored big business over small business
Supreme Court declared BOTH the AAA and NIRA unconstitutional in 1935 & 1936.

11. The First New Deal, con’t
The Public Works Administration (PWA)
The Civil Works Administration (CWA)
Both small-scale jobs programs
Incredibly popular

12. The Thunder on the Left
Critics of FDR who said the New Deal did not do enough
Huey Long, Louisiana
Father Coughlin, Radio show
Dr. Francis Townsend, pension programs
Many aspects of 2nd New Deal addressed these issues
Social Security Act, Administration

13. Second New Deal Civilian Conservation Corp (CCC) Conserve nature
Deal with urban surplus of unemployed young men
Population redistribution
Provide jobs
Military preparedness

14. Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

16. Works Progress Administration (WPA)
Umbrella program
Large Scale Works Programs
Jobs to benefit the public good
Airports, schools, hospitals, etc…
Jobs for people in the arts, too
Art, photography, theatre, architecture, history.
WPA Slave Narratives and HABS

18. Race, Gender & the New Deal
African-Americans: few opportunities, smaller segregated programs
FDR’s “Black Cabinet”
A. Philip Randolph’s threatened March on Washington
Mexican-Americans and deportations
American Indians New Deal, BIA under John Collier

19. Race, Gender & the New Deal
Women: “head of household” jobs, issues with protective legislation
Eleanor’s Reactions

20. The Court Packing Scandal
1937
Delayed reaction to Supreme Court declaring AAA and NIRA unconstitutional
Add justices for each justice age 70+ who refused to retire (would have added 4 justices immediately)
Massive public relations nightmare

21. Keynesianism
The ’37-’38 dip

22. Liberalism
The Government has the responsibility to help those, who through no fault of their own, cannot help themselves.
Five things ALL Americans are entitled to:
A good education
A good job
A good home
Good quality affordable health care
Security in old age

23. Impact of the New Deal
Does NOT end the Great Depression, although many people at the time believed it did. (WWII actually ended it)
Secured FDR’s place as one of America’s top 5 Presidents
Initiated modern Liberalism
Started the “Imperial Presidency”