1. Civil Rights
USH-8.1

2. I. Why?
A movement that challenged the status quo to gain full citizenship for AA
2 most important were:
Equal treatment
Right to vote

3. I. Why? Happened after WWII b/c: Segregation in military
Northern AA experience Jim Crow while training in South
Truman starts civil rights commission to prevent lynching and desegregate military
Seeing the Final Solution brought our own beliefs and practices into question

4. II. Brown vs. Board of Education
Collection of 5 cases about segregation
Trying to change “separate but equal”
Gets to the Supreme Court
Unanimous decision says “separate CANNOT be equal”
Desegregation needs to happen “with all due speed”
Most in South go as slow as possible

5. III. Montgomery Bus Boycott
Rosa Parks won’t get up
AA boycott bus system and set up “taxi” system
Boycott is lead by Martin Luther King, Jr.
Bus system loses so much money they change the rules

6. IV. Sit-ins People nonviolently occupying an area for a protest
AA went into lunch counters and other whites-only places and sat down
No destruction or violence, just sitting
Their punishment showed the world Jim Crow was stupid

7. V. Freedom Rides Activists rode buses into the South
Most places in the South had not followed any of the desegregation laws
In many places they were mobbed and the activists beaten and imprisoned

8. VI. March on Washington
In 1963, a huge rally was held in Washington, D.C.
It was for AA to ask for “jobs and freedom”
Helped to pass the Civil Rights Act of 1964
Martin Luther King, Jr. gave his “I Have a Dream” speech

9. VII. Freedom Summer
In 1964, a campaign was started to register as many AA as possible in Mississippi
Dozens of Freedom Schools, Houses, and community centers to help AA
Met with lots of violence
4 workers and 3 AA killed
80 beaten
1,062 arrested
37 churches burned
30 black homes & businesses burned

10. VIII. Selma Marches Protest marches from Selma, Alabama to Montgomery
Starts w/ “Bloody Sunday”
Protest where 600 marchers were attacked by cops with clubs & tear gas
2 days later, 2,500 protesters tried again and forced to turn around
7 days later, completed march w/federal protection
Army, National Guard, FBI, Federal Marshals

11. IX. Civil Rights Act of 1964
Meant to outlaw major forms of discrimination against all minorities
Racial
Ethnic
National
Religious
Signed by President Lyndon B. Johnson
Was weak at first, but other laws helped to enforce it

12. XI. Voting Rights Act of 1965
Legislation to help enforce the 15th Amendment
Attempts to end voting restrictions for AA
Signed into law by President Johnson