2. Electricity 101
Electricity is the flow of electrical charge (electrons)
Electricity is a secondary source (made from primary sources: coal, fuel, natural gas, oil…)
Electricity is one of the most
widely used forms of energy.

3. Electricity 101
We tend to take electricity for granted, but electricity helps us in many ways
Cooling/heating our homes
Lighting our homes and school
Powering television and appliances
Charges our cell phones

4. Electricity 101
The flow of electrons through a closed circuit.

5. Two types of electricity
CURRENT
STATIC

6. Static
Electricity

7. Static Electricity
If you have ever been shocked, you have experienced static electricity.
Static electricity is the accumulation of excess electric charges on an object.

8. Static Electricity There is a rule associated with static electricity
Opposite Charges Attract; Like Charges Repel

9. What Causes Static Electricity?
Most objects have a neutral charge (equal numbers of protons and electrons)
When one object rubs up against another object, electrons are transferred between the two objects and both objects become charged!

10. Building Up Charge
When an object becomes charged, the charge is neither created or destroyed (Law of Conservation of Charge)
Charge can only be transferred!!!

11. Examples of Static Electricity
Getting shocked when touching a metal door knob

12. Examples of Static Electricity
Hair standing up when rubbed with a balloon

13. Examples of Static Electricity
Clothes sticking together in the dryer
Build up of charges through conduction- when objects touch

14. When a charged object gets near a conductor
Lightning
When a charged object gets near a conductor
Objects can transfer electric charge (induction)
When clouds form, they rub up against each other and become charged, opposite charges attract from the ground to the sky.

15. Static Electricity Explained
Click for Video!

16. Friction Conduction Induction
Charges that results by objects rubbing against each other.
Conduction
Charges that result by direct contact.
Induction
Charges that result by objects that do not come into contact.

17. Current
Electricity

18. Current Electricity
Current electricity is the flow of electrons through a circuit.
A circuit is a complete, closed pathway for electricity.
Conductors allow electricity
to flow easily. (Ex. Copper)

19. Types of Current Electricity
Generators produce electric current as a coil of wire moves through a magnetic field.
As the coil rotates, the direction of the electric flow constantly reverses direction.
This is called an alternating current (AC).
AC is used to deliver power to houses, office buildings, etc.

20. Most home appliances run on AC current.
Examples of AC Current
Most home appliances run on AC current.

21. Alternating Current

22. Types of Current Electricity
Batteries can produce an electric current from chemical reactions.
Electrons are produced from the chemical reaction inside the battery.
Batteries produce direct current (DC) which flows in only one direction.

23. Direct Current

25. How do we get our electricity?
Research:
Have you ever wondered why the lights turn on with just the flick of a switch?
In groups of 2 or 3, research where our electricity comes from.
Create an illustration/diagram that shows the path of electricity from its original source to a device that is powered by electricity.
Be prepared to share with your classmates! 

26. How do we get our electricity?
1- Nuclear power plant, 2-Turbines, 3-Generator, 4-electricity is held in transformers, 5-electricity travels to homes/businesses via powerlines 5

27. Measuring
Electricity

28. Measuring Electricity
Electricity can be measured a number of ways.
Current
Resistance
Voltage
Click for Video!

29. Voltage Current Resistance
Task:
Use the illustration
to create your own descriptions
for the terms:
Voltage
Current
Resistance
resistance
current
voltage
Clipart Credits:

30. Current Electric current is very similar to a flowing river.
With electricity, current (I) is a measure of the amount of electrons transferred over a period of time.
The electrons move through conductive materials such as copper wire
Amps is the unit for current

31. Voltage
Voltage is the force that causes charges to flow. (Think about it as pressure)
Unit: volts

32. Resistance
Resistance is the tendency for a material to oppose the flow of electrons.
Unit: ohms Ω
Conductors have less resistance than insulators
Ex. Copper
Resistance will oppose electron flow through a conductor

33. Ohm’s Law
A formula used to measure resistance, current and/or voltage.
Resistance is directly proportional to voltage & inversely proportional to current
Resistance = voltage/current
Current = voltage/resistance
Voltage = current x resistance V R I

34. Units
Voltage = Volts
Resistance= Ohms
Current = amps

35. Flowing Electrons Ohm’s Law:
Example: What is the resistance of a circuit if the current is 4 amps and the voltage is 12 volts?
Answer: R=V/I = 12 V / 4 amps = 3 Ohms

36. Ohm’s Law Practice
Complete the Ohm’s Law practice problems.

37. PARALELL VS. SERIES

38. Series Circuit
Only one path is provided for electric current.

39. Series Circuit
In a series circuit, the voltage is divided amongst the load (assuming each bulb is the same wattage)
60 V
60 V
120 V
Answer: If a third bulb is added, the voltage would be distributed equally. Therefore, each bulb would receive a voltage of 40 V. If a fourth bulb were added, the voltage for each bulb would be
What if a third bulb was added? A fourth?

40. Parallel Circuit
Alternate paths or branches are provided for electric current.

41. Parallel Circuit
In a parallel circuit, each load (bulb) gets the full voltage.
120 V
120 V
120 V
120 V
Answer: If a fourth bulb was added, it would get 120 V.
What if a fourth bulb was added?

42. Series and Parallel Circuit Practice
Complete the series and parallel circuits worksheet.