2. Qing: The Last Chinese Dynasty:
Rise of the Qing ( )
Northern Manchu tribes conquered Ming
Established Qing dynasty

3. Qing Breakdown Guess Corruption of exam system
Lack of Confucian training led to poor leadership
$ diverted from military, public works
Population 300 million to 400 million in 1 century
Peasant condition deteriorated, banditry emerged
All signs of dynastic decline, typical reasons

4. Trade Limited to ____________ and __________.
China thought they were better than Europe.
Overconfident.

5. Late 19th Century Opium Den

7. Strike 1:Opium War
British found method of equalizing trade with China: Indian Opium
Lin Zexu attempted to banish Opium, started war 1839
British victories led to opening of China to inferior Europeans
Britain takes Hong Kong
Opium addiction+loss to inferior Europeans= further degraded morale, leadership

9. Strike 2: Taiping Rebellion
2nd known Bloodiest War in history (1st place was WW2)
led by Hong Xiuquan sought to equalize Chinese society
defeated by Manchu, gentry alliance

10. Self-Strengthening Movement
1860s attempt at Westernization
Economic and military modernization- not Social
Cixi- concubine to emperor in 1850s, later her nephew ruled (she ruled)
She opposed westernization as treason
Imprisoned her own nephew for Hundred Days Reform + executed reformers

12. Strike 3:Boxer Rebellion
1900
Boxer Rebellion, secretly supported by Qing
Anti-Western revolt
Crushed by Western Forces
American Open Door Policy- anyone can trade with China
Even Cixi saw need for a Constitution

13. Strike 4: The End Last emperor… Henry Puyi Young
1911- China overthrows Qing dynasty
Establishes Republic … for now…
Quiz Tutorial today at lunch.

14. Russia & Japan: Industrialization outside of the West
Chapter 27

15. Russia: NoReforms Russian leadership worried abt.French Revolution
Aligned with other conservative parties, Prussia & Austria, Holy Alliance
Nicolas I used repression, secret police, media control to put down, avoid revolutions 1830s, 1848
Decembrist uprising 1825 to accommodate Western liberal policies

16. Imperialistic Moves Poland 1830, 1831 Crimean War
Continued territorial expansion
Poland 1830, 1831
Crimean War

17. Economic & Social Problems
Russia did not keep economic pace with Europe
Russian landlords pressured serf to produce more for Western markets, without improved techniques
Russia defeat in Crimean War, 1853, proved they were behind

18. Reform Era & Early Industry
Alexander II convinced reform essential
1861 Emancipation of serfs
Emancipation increased urban population
Restricted harsh punishments, regulated roads, schools

19. State support of industrialization necessary due to lack of wealthy middle class
Extensive Railroad Network, stimulated coal, iron industry, grain exportation
modernized banking, western contact for investment
Half of industry was foreign owned, debtor nation
4th in steel production, 2nd to US in petroleum, due to size and population
Trans Siberian Railroad opened Siberia, East Asia for conflict

20. Japanese and Industry
The Meiji Period

21. Challenge to Isolation
1853, 1856 American Matthew Perry forced formal treaties of trade; others soon followed
Daimyos opposed because shogunate system required isolation
1866 Civil War erupted when samurais attacked foreigners
shogunate forces used surplus American weaponry
1868 Victorious group proclaimed new emperor, Mutsuhito, or Meiji, Enlightened One

22. Meiji State Four things that Would Make a REAL Samurai Cry:
1871 abolished feudalism, replaced daimyos with appointed bureaucrats
Sent samurais abroad to study domestic development, establish diplomatic policies
1876 Abolished samurai, final defeat in 1878 by national conscripted army; many absorbed in new gov’t, economy
1889 Establish constitution,
Power with emperor, wealthy

23. Japan’s Industrial Revolution
Gov’t funded industry with military armaments, state railroads, steam ships, mining
Ministry of Industry expanded technical training, education, banking, regularizing commercial laws providing stable economy
Dependent on Western resources, technology

24. Social Effects Population growth strained resources
Gov’t established universal public education, technical, science, national loyalty, moral education
Japan copied Western fashions, calendar, metric system, imported consumer goods not Christianity
Industry changed nature of family
Women still treated inferior, much industrial growth depended on poorly paid female labor

25. Strain of Modernization
Poor living standards
Tensions in politics led to frequent assassinations
Gov’t focused on extensive Japanese nationalism built on superiority, cohesion, cult of the emperor, strong repression
Emergence of sacrifice for state concept
Firm repression coupled with sweeping Meiji reforms allowed Japan to avoid revolutions