1. Internet of Things (IoT)
Based Healthcare Systems: Privacy and Security
Dr. Saman Mirza Abdullah
Software Engineering, Koya University
Ishik University, Computer Engineering

2. Outline A background on IoT
Security in IoT; Standards and Technologies.
Requirements of IoT Security
Challenges facing IoT security
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IoT based Healthcare systems: Security and Privacy

3. Internet of Things (IoT) Definition
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical and digital machines, objects, animals or people that are provided with unique identifiers and the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction.
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IoT based Healthcare systems: Security and Privacy

4. Internet of Things (IoT) Background
Devices communication through Internet or other types of networks.
Machine to machine communication, which means that machines (objects) that can work autonomously, without any connectivity.
Internet of Objects (IoO) here refers to inert and passive objects that do not generate any data by themselves.
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Internet of Things (IoT): Requirements and Challenges

5. Key Characteristics of IoT
Typically IoTs are embedded computing devices that exhibit the following qualities:
Unique identity.
Ability to wirelessly communicate.
Ability to sense.
Ability to be controlled remotely.
Data collection and analysis.
Leverage mobility, cloud, and big data
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IoT based Healthcare systems: Security and Privacy

6. Internet of Things (IoT) Statistical Figures on IoT Projects-2018
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IoT based Healthcare systems: Security and Privacy

7. Internet of Things (IoT) Statistical Figures on IoT Projects-2018
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IoT based Healthcare systems: Security and Privacy

8. Internet of Things (IoT) Type of Projects
Smart City.
Connected Industry.
Connected Buildings.
Connected Cars.
Smart Energy.
Healthcare systems.
Smart Supply chain.
Smart Agriculture.
Smart Retail.
Others.
Projects related to the ambient
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IoT based Healthcare systems: Security and Privacy

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IoT based Healthcare systems: Security and Privacy

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IoT based Healthcare systems: Security and Privacy

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IoT based Healthcare systems: Security and Privacy

12. Internet of Health Things (IoHT) Sensors
Basically, an IoT-based healthcare can collected the following information through biomedical sensors and wearable devices.
Electrocardiography (ECG).
Heart rate.
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Diabetes.
Oxygen rate in blood
Airflow (breathing).
Body temperature
Glucometer,
Blood pressure
Patient position
Electromyography (EMG)
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IoT based Healthcare systems: Security and Privacy

13. Internet of Health Things (IoHT) Framework
The data input from patients can be
collected through sensors and
processed by applications developed for a user terminal
Such as computers, smart phones, smart watches or, even, a specific embedded device.
The user terminal is connected to a gateway through short coverage communication protocols,
Bluetooth low energy (BLE),
Bluetooth, or
6LoWPAN (IPv6 over Low Power Wireless Personal Area Networks).
This gateway connects to a (clinical) server or cloud services for data processing and storage.
In the other hand, patients’ data can be stored in a health information system using electronic health records and, when the patient visits a medical doctor, he/she can easily access the clinic history of the patient.
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IoT based Healthcare systems: Security and Privacy

14. Legislation
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IoT based Healthcare systems: Security and Privacy

15. IoHT Challenges Security and Privacy
The core requirement for securing IoT based health care are:
Authentication ; is user identification
Authorization; Access controlling.
Securing the communication channels. (Conventional cryptographic techniques)
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IoT based Healthcare systems: Security and Privacy

16. IoHT Challenges Security and Privacy
The first challenge is managing credentials and controlling access to applications and patient’s confidential information.
Hospitals need to open their devices to receive responses from patients.
When a communication done within unsecure Wi-Fi, the man in the middle attack my happen.
Strong authentication (digitally information / bio-information)
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IoT based Healthcare systems: Security and Privacy

17. IoHT Challenges Security and Privacy
Many IoT Applications are vulnerable to code injection attacks which permit the attacker to take full control of the program and memory vulnerabilities.
To take place:
Targeted program must has memory corruption. (changing memory place)
There must be a writable and executable region of memory.
Way to redirect the processor to execute the injected code.
Example is Buffer over flow.
This issue is related to the Software Security.
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IoT based Healthcare systems: Security and Privacy

18. IoHT Challenges Security and Privacy
Implementing and deploying cryptographic protocols in IoT health cloud correctly
IoT in Healthcare systems should be very fast and transfer should be done at real-time for urgent cases.
IoT Systems should be able to achieve a concurrent user authentication.
Cryptography computation need more power.
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IoT based Healthcare systems: Security and Privacy

19. IoHT Challenges Security and Privacy
Data privacy is very crucial in the context of IoT-based health cloud.
Healthcare cloud applications are designed and developed based on acquiring data from IoT devices.
Confidential information is collected from devices, aggregated through smartphones and tablets and uploaded to the cloud, or transmitted to tablets or smartphones from the cloud.
These patient information could also be transferred to third parties.
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IoT based Healthcare systems: Security and Privacy

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IoT based Healthcare systems: Security and Privacy

21. Thanks Dr. Saman Mirza Abdullah Software Engineering, Koya University