1. NAMEA Task Force on Transport Issues on 1-2 March Relevance and problems of Air Emissions Accounting – german experiences and solutions focusing on transport issues

2. Outline of the presentation I: 1)
Outline of the presentation I: 1) NAMEA Handbook - Prescriptions and definitions regards generation of air emission accounts in general and specifically regards the “bridging items” 2) Traffic emissions and energy use in the german Accounts: Road-, air-, water- and railway transport 3) Clarifications necessary regards obligatory NAMEA-reporting, NAMEA Handbook and national data generation ANNEX

3. 1) NAMEA Handbook (p. 25): “Eurostats Air Emissions Accounts record net flows of residual gaseous and particulate materials into the air that originate from the national economy … and … ending up in either the national or RoW-environment.” Necessary adjustments of “inventory data” for reaching “accounting data”: a) Exclusion of “non-economic agents (nature)” (p.49) b) Inclusion of biomass emissions (good emissions) (p.49) c) “As far as stationary emission sources are concerned, the coverage of emission inventories is consistent with the resident principle …” (p. 50) d) “…, the adjustments related to the territory-versus-residential principle are primarily related to transport emissions and in some cases also to fishing.” (p. 50)

4. Proposed adjustment procedure
1) Bridging items - Transport and fishing adjustments according to NAMEA Handbook:
Transport activity
Proposed adjustment procedure
Comment
Road transport – passengers & freight
Differentiation of journeys into domestic/international and residents/non-residents units (p.50)
Statistical basis for journeys?
What are the Initial value(s) from where the adjustment starts?
Railway transport
Only … “if there are substantial operations of domestic trains internationally or non-resident trains on the national territory” (p.50)
Effects of privatisation?
TGV Paris-Frankfurt or Orient-Express Berlin-Istanbul?
Pipeline
… there may be some unclear issues regarding residence when these are located in international waters as well as import or export issues regarding the energy used
to move products in the pipeline” (p.50)
Data basis in Germany available for determining the inland energy use for pipeline transport. Split between residential pipeline-transport emissions and non-residential seems difficult!!!

5. 1) Transport and fishing adjustments according to NAMEA Handbook:
Transport activity
Proposed adjustment procedure
Comment
Water transport
Determination of household emissions outside own territory can be neglectable (for most countries?)
“… for water transport economic activity (shipping) the bunkering of fuels by the units (identical to road transport) needs to be identified and the emissions from the bunkered fuels needs to be used to adjust the Air Emissions Accounts appropriately” (p.51)
Compared to road transport only very restricted info source, namely only bunkering. Germany (BAFA) differentiates only between national and international bunkering.
Air transport
Specification completely identical to road transport! (p.51)
Air transport (and also water transport) are carried out of course outside land. Therefore the territorial aspect is not so easy or evident as for road and railway transport.

6. Concept - denomination
1) Balancing concepts:
Concept - denomination
Explanation
Comment
“Territory related inventory data” (TID) acc. to NAMEA p. 51
TID = EMIR(d) + EMINR(d) + EMIR(I) + EMINR(I)
D = domestic journeys;
R = Residents
I = international journeys leaving from d
Acc. To my view this is wrongly named! It’s an inventory related to territorial bunkering
“Air emission accounts” (AEA); p. 51
AEA = EMIR(d) + EMIR(I) + EMIR(A)
OK!!!
Real TID
RTID = EMIR(d) + EMINR(d)
All traffic operations inside the national borders!

7. 2) Traffic emissions in the german Accounts: a) Road transport
For Germany: There’s a big variety of conceptual approaches, data sources and datasets available especially regards vehicles, mileage, energy consumption and transport performance. Only EA and Destatis cares for integration of performance and environmental aspects
Main tasks for the Accounts:
Establishment of relations between vehicle owners and economic activities
Attachment of vehicles, mileage and emissions to economic activities
Adjustment of the characteristic values with regard to residential reference points
Determination of “bridging items” regards passenger and goods transport

8. Approach and utilisation
2) Traffic emissions in the german Accounts: a) Road transport – main data suppliers
Institution
Data set
Approach and utilisation
Vehicle Register – KBA - Flensburg
Annual data set on cars registered in Germany broken down by 23 types of owners (economic classification), up to 10 cylinder capacity classes, about 10 “emission-type-classes” and the day of first registration
Residential approach (regards owners); transformation to the A*64 aggregation level at one side and the TREMOD car specification (567 types) at the other side
German EA / IFEU Heidelberg
Transport Emission Model – TREMOD – based on the Handbook for Emission Factors for Road Transport – HBEFA, the national Energy Balance and various other sources broken down by 657 types of cars
Inland mileage approach (not: inland bunkering approach!!!) including e.g. also transit
Conjunction of TREMOD with the car owner data set from KBA for the generation of the TEAM
DIW-Berlin charged by the ministry of traffic
Annual data set on quantity, average and cumulative mileage of registered cars broken down by 8 types of cars
Residential approach (regards mileage); Adjustment of the transport emission accounting matrix (TEAM)

9. 2) Traffic emissions in the german Accounts: a) Road transport
aggregated values for 2009
Vehi-cles
Mile-age
CO2 (incl. Bio)
CH4
N2O
NOx
NMHC
7 other pollu-tants
Energy
1000
Mio. km
1000 Tons
tons TJ
PKW (PC)
42.020
5.642
2.120
...
LKW (HGV)
335
16.554
8.015 62
197
54.795
2.514 …
LNF (LUV)
1.876
37.520
8.266
140
226
41.133
3.231
LZ (truck- trailer)
199
11.647
9.108 40
330
51.366
1.628
SZ (trailer –truck)
174
25.721
20.949 57
1.064
90.015
2.328
BUS 74
3.735
3.255 24 45
26.994
990
44.128
Others
5.418
19.455
2.437
1.868 50
13.768
21.548
33.415
Sum
50.096
7.833
4.031

10. 2) Traffic performance and emissions: HGV-road transport

11. 2) Traffic emissions in the german Accounts: b) air transport
Domains
Characteristics
Indicators
Passenger & freight transport national
Performance in tkm*, energy consumption** and corresponding emissions CO2 etc.
*10 passengers = 1 ton
** national bunkering part according to performance
National totals: Tkm, PJ, CO2,…
National average values: CO2/tkm, …
Passenger & freight transport international outgoing
Performance in tkm, energy consumption and corresponding emissions CO2 etc.
Further differentiation:
National part of all characteristics, i.e. tkm above domestic territory
Residential air lines vs. non-residential airlines
Total national totals (including national part of international flights) TKM, …
Residential totals (share of residential air lines) in comparison to encompassing totals
Passenger & freight transport international incoming
Same as above for “outgoing”!!!
Same as above!!!

12. 2) Energy use in german traffic sectors
Table: Energy consumption according various balancing concepts and types of traffic in PJ
Passenger Cars
LKW (HGV) –Diesel
Air Traffic
Otto-Motor
Diesel
2000
2009
2010
Territorial bunkering concept (Energy Balance Concept)
1.194,5
799,4
301,6
516,5
476,7
374,9
298,4
367,2
362,3
Territorial use concept
1.240,3
901,8
295,2
543,5
527,8
536,3
75,8
97,5
93,7
Residential use concept
(SNA-concept)
1.245,5
930,2
296,2
548,8
436,7
423,5
314,1
353,0
357,9

13. 3) Clarifications necessary regards obligatory NAMEA-reporting, NAMEA Handbook and national data generation
In the 4th slide “necessary adjustments” are mentioned: The exclusion of “non-economic agents (nature)” (7.1.1 p.49) must be made more precise and also “…, the adjustments related to the territory-versus-residential principle (which) are primarily related to transport emissions and in some cases also to fishing.” (p. 50)
Concentration on SNAP-Classification (chapter 7.2) and level of detail should be checked! Our data base utilizes a mixture of CRF-Classification and a non-standard technical oriented source classification.
The chapter “Use of Air emissions Accounts” (Part C) needs considerable improvement! The additional value of AEA should be worked out more precisely with more actual and convincing examples from Eurostat and the countries

14. ANNEX: Brainstorming regards possible perspectives for Air Emission Accounts: --- Emissions and monetary output by economic units, --- Realtime reporting (emission flash!!!), --- Data structuring according to environmental risks (effects), --- Cooperation with national EAs, Consumption related emissions versus economy related emissions, --- Consideration of import/export (not only indirect emissions but also emissions related to transport

15. PRTR-Register: Germany: PRTR-Register European Union: EU-European Pollutant Emission Register (EPER)