1. Warm-up
Clear off desk for Quiz on Byzantine Empire, Russia, and Mongols
**If you finish early work on the Islamic regional map **
HW: Review Notes on Islam – Quiz Next Class
Take Cornell notes on pgs: (Middle Ages)

2. Bell Ringer What do you know about Islam?
What do you think your classmates know about Islam?

3. AGENDA: March 4 and 7
Objective: Understand the history, beliefs, and spread of Islam.
Bell Ringer
Quiz: Byzantine Empire/Mongols
Islam GRAPES
Activities:
Islam, Christianity, and Judaism Research
Map

4. Disclaimer
This lesson will follow the broad outline (the textbook definition) of Islam. We all have different beliefs, even those who share the same religion name.
You are not asked to believe or agree with all that is taught today.

5. Terminology Islam: (noun) The religion
Muslims: (noun) Followers of Islam
Muslim or Islamic: (adjectives) Elements of the culture

6. Geography

7. Arabian Peninsula Mecca: Founding City Crossroads of three continents
Medina: Second major city

8. Mecca Trade hub (Cultural Diffusion)
Religious pilgrims worshipping at the Ka’bah, an ancient shrine

9. Ka’bah Why is everyone wearing white?
First part of the ritual is to change into simply a person devoted to God, leaving all other marks of identity behind
One of the rituals is to circle the Ka’bah 7 times, pictured here
How many people?
2-3 million each year in modern times, following the same rituals that Muhammad followed in 632

10. Religion

11. Religion
Foundation:
Muhammad received revelations from Allah through the Angel Gabriel.
These revelations were written in down and are now the holy book, the Qur’an

12. Religion Monotheistic God is called “Allah” Founder: Muhammad
Disrespectful to show his face
Holy Book: Qur’an (Koran)
Believed in the Judeo-Christian prophets, like Moses and Abraham
Major Beliefs: Five Pillars of Faith

13. Five Pillars of Faith
Shahada
Salat
Zakat
Sawm
Hajj

14. Five Pillars of Faith Shahada Salat Zakat Sawm Hajj
Declaration of Faith
Prayer (5 times a day)
Alms giving
Fasting during Ramadan
Pilgrimage to Mecca

15. Other Beliefs Shari’ah: Islamic Law Jihad: Struggle Internal struggle
External struggle

16. Check for Understanding
What are the two major cities for Islam?
Describe the founding of Islam.
What are the five pillars of faith?

17. Achievements

18. Achievements Astronomy Mathematics Medicine
Baghdad (the House of Wisdom)
Geographic knowledge
Universities
Mosques and Architecture
Calligraphy

19. Masjid al-Haram Found in Mecca, it is the world’s biggest Mosque
World’s biggest mosque, in Mecca
Name means “Holy Mosque” – includes the Ka’bah, and Hagar’s hills and the well of Zamzam (Ishmael’s mother’s story)
Holds about one million
Only Muslims may enter
Found in Mecca, it is the world’s biggest Mosque

21. Dijenné, Mali

22. Damascus, Syria
Looks more Roman or Byzantine, combines those elements because it was built on a church

23. Córdoba, Spain
Looks more Spanish in design

24. Courtyard at Córdoba
Original, but based on Umayyad mosques in the Middle East. Converted basilica. Now a church

25. Hagia Sophia

26. Minarets
Minarets are tall spires that look like someone could announce prayer time. They are also intended to distinguish mosques from other buildings
Left: Spiral Minaret of the Great Mosque of Samarra (~850)
Right top: Süleymaniye Mosque of Istanbul (1550)
Right bottom: Faisal mosque in Islamabad (1985)

27. Blue Mosque, Istanbul

28. Minarets on Masjid al-Haram

29. Ancient Islamic university where the term 'algebra' was coined
Zabid
Ancient Islamic university where the term 'algebra' was coined

30. Dome of the Rock Oldest Islamic building in the world
Remember significance?
Gold plated, not look like mosques
No minarets
You always know the Dome of the Rock because it is the only gold-plated dome, and is Islamic but has no minarets

31. Calligraphy

32. Islamic Art: Calligraphy

33. Islamic Art: Mosaics

34. Calligraphy and Mosaics

35. Politics

36. Politics
Islam was led by the Prophet Muhammad until his death in 632 C.E.
The first four successors, or caliphs, were related to Muhammad
Known as the Rightly Guided Caliphs
Abu Bakr
Umar
Uthman
Ali

37. Spread of Islam Medina Mecca Territory at Muhammad’s death
Territory at Ali’s death
Territory at Abu Bakr’s death
Medina
Mecca

38. Schism in Islam: Sunni -- Shi’a
Disagreements over succession to Muhammad
Islamic unity ends with assassination of Ali
Partisans of Ali = Shi’a sect
The majority accepted the legitimacy of the three rulers prior to Ali, and became known as Sunnis. A minority disagreed, and believed that Ali was the only rightful successor; they became known as the Shi'a.[140] 

39. Sunni/Shi’a Split Sunni Muslims Shi’a Muslims
Believed that ruler could be any that followed Muhammad’s example
Believed that ruler should be a RELATIVE of Muhammad
Follow elected leaders
Follow leaders that have been chosen by Muhammad or Allah
Biggest population of Muslims (about 90%)
Smaller population of Muslims (about 10%)

40. Umayyad Dynasty First Muslim dynasty Took over Jerusalem.
They moved the Muslim capital to Damascus
They set up a hereditary system of getting new leaders

41. Umayyad Expansion Spread across northern Africa and to Spain
The spread into Europe was halted at the Battle of Tours in 732 C.E.
Charles the Hammer
This prevents the spread of Islam across Europe

42. Umayyad Expansion

43. Abbasid Dynasty Umayyad Dynasty is overthrown by the Abbasids
Abbasids move the Muslim capital to Baghdad
Eventually Baghdad is destroyed by the Mongols

44. Check for Understanding
Compare the split in Islam to the split in Christianity.
What is the significance of the Battle of Tours?
What are the names of the two Islamic Dynasties and why are they significant to Islam?

45. Economics

46. Economics Islamic economy was focused on trade Trade routes went
East to the Silk Road
West across Northern Africa and the Mediterranean
South to Red Sea and Indian Ocean

47. Social

48. Social All Muslims are seen as a religious community called an ummah
Muslims live their daily lives in accordance with the law seen in the Qur’an and the teachings of Muhammad.

49. Countries with the Largest Muslim Population1.
Indonesia
183,000,000 6.
Iran
62,000,000 2.
Pakistan
134,000,000 7.
Egypt
59,000,000 3.
India
121,000,000 8.
Nigeria
53,000,000 4.
Bangladesh
114,000,000 9.
Algeria
31,000,000 5.
Turkey
66,000,000
10.
Morocco
29,000,000

51. Researching World Religions
You will be working on the following for the rest of class:
World Religions Locations Map
Spread of Islamic Civilizations Map
Reading + Qs: The World’s Three Monotheistic Religions

52. Religions Map Video