1. Implicit/Explicit Imply/Tell/Infer
Understanding
the differences between
* Implicit/Imply
* Explicit/Tell
* Infer

2. Implicit/Explicit/Infer
Key thing to remember
* Other people make implicit or explicit statements or actions,
and then you infer what they mean by those statements or actions

3. Communication of ideas can either be…
Implicit
Explicit

4. Communication of ideas can either be…
Implicit
Explicit
Meaning is not clearly stated; one has to infer meaning
“I didn’t know we were hosting penguins in here!”
“Must be nice to sit around and play games all day…”
“Are we having a tea party?”
Clearly stated; no doubt about meaning
“You keep this room too cold!”
“I think you’re lazy. Get up and put your clothes away, empty the trash, and make your bed.”
“I don’t know why there is a group of students hanging out right here. Get to class and out of the hallway before I write you a detention.”

5. We not only use words, but also body language, to communicate implicitly.
What does the gymnast’s body language imply?

6. To Infer (verb)/To use Inference (noun)
To infer means that you come to a conclusion based on evidence.
What might you infer from this photo?

7. Using inferences when reading:
“Soon the men began to gather, surveying their own children, speaking of planting and rain, tractors and taxes. They stood together, away from the pile of stones in the corner, and their jokes were quiet and they smiled rather than laughed.”
What are three inferences you can make from this passage?

8. Using inferences when reading:
“Soon the men began to gather, surveying their own children, speaking of planting and rain, tractors and taxes. They stood together, away from the pile of stones in the corner, and their jokes were quiet and they smiled rather than laughed.”
What are three inferences from this passage?
That the men are farmers, or at least live in a rural area
That they know each other
That they are avoiding the topic of the stones
What else …?

9. Identifying a Claim in a Text

10. 1. When someone makes a claim, what does that mean?
* state or assert that an opinion is the case (is the truth), typically without providing evidence or proof.
* to say that (something) is true when some people may say it is not true
An arguable statement
Has to be a topic people care about

11. 1. Examples of a claim. Are they good or bad claims, based on the definition? How can they be made better  
I may be related to the British royalty.
Planned Parenthood has 10,000 members.
Terrorists are responsible for the attack.
Spring is good.
Driving home from school is safe.
The boy’s assertion that he was in class, not smoking, was proved wrong by the video.

12. 2. Circle three of the following topics
2. Circle three of the following topics. Then write a claim for each one.   Kings Island iPhones Fairfield Halloween Hoverboards ISIS Donald Trump Dancing Beyoncé David Bowie McDonald’s Amazon  

13. 1. ________________________________________
2. ________________________________________
3. ________________________________________
1. ________________________________________
2. ________________________________________
3. ________________________________________
1. ________________________________________
2. ________________________________________
3. ________________________________________

14. 3. What are some other words for a claim?
assert, verify, swear, allege, avow, postulate, insist, maintain, profess, hold (verbs)
assertion, statement, allegation, 
declaration, contention, pretension, 
affirmation (nouns)

15. 4. Watch the YouTube video written and directed by Charlene de Guzman
4. Watch the YouTube video written and directed by Charlene de Guzman. What is her claim?    

16. 5. What is her claim?
How do you know this is her claim? List details from the short film that prove this.

17. 6. Is her message implicit or explicit? Explain.
She never comes out and says anything (in fact, there are no words), but the actress’ reactions signal her opinion – verging on disgust – with her friends’ non-interaction with her as they choose to look at their phones.
6. Is her message implicit or explicit? Explain.    

18. 7. Do you agree with Guzman’s claim
7. Do you agree with Guzman’s claim? Make your own claim about your agreement or disagreement, and then defend your response.