1. The English Revolution

2. Parliament Limits the English Monarchy
Queen Elizabeth had frequent conflicts with Parliament
The biggest obstacle to her becoming an absolute ruler was Parliament’s financial power
When Elizabeth died, the throne was passed to her cousin, James Stuart, who was already king of Scotland (these two countries were not united until 1707)

3. Charles I When James died, King Charles I came to power
In 1628, Parliament refused to give Charles I money until he signed the Petition of Right
The petition set forth the notion that the law was higher than the King ( he signed this but did not follow it)
In January 1642, Charles tried to arrest Parliament’s leaders
Leaders escaped and Charles left the country but raised an army

4. English Civil War Civil War lasted from 1642-1649
Charles’ supporters were called Royalist or Cavaliers vs. Puritans or Roundheads
Puritan supporters were called Roundheads and their leader was Oliver Cromwell
In 1649, the Puritans brought Charles to trial, found him guilty, and sentenced him to death

5. Oliver Cromwell
Established a commonwealth: republican form of government
He eventually became a dictator
Cromwell sought to reform society
They abolished activities they found sinful such as the theater, sporting events, and dancing

6. Restoration and the Glorious Revolution
In 1659, Parliament asked the older son of Charles I to rule England because they were sick of military rule
Charles II restored the monarchy, the period of his rule is called the Restoration
Habeas corpus is Latin meaning, “to have the body”
Gave every prisoner the right to be brought before a judge to determine punishment
A monarch could not put someone in jail for simply opposing the ruler
Prisoners could not be held indefinitely without trial

7. Glorious Revolution When Charles II died, James II came to power
England’s first political parties were the Whigs who opposed James and the Tories who supported him
James offended his subjects by flaunting his Catholicism
William and Mary’s bloodless overthrow of King James II is called the Glorious Revolution
England was now a constitutional monarchy, where laws limited the ruler’s power
Laws limited the ruler’s power
Parliament drafted a Bill of Rights to make the power of the King clear