1. Review
30 Years War

2. Review
Absolutism

3. Review
English Civil War – English Glorious Revolution

4. Scientific Revolution
The basics

5. Descartes “I think therefore, I am”
Cartesian Dualism: Mind and Body are separate
Rationalism: Humans could view and understand the physical world through mathematical thinking…
HUUUUUUGE problem for the Church.

6. Francis Bacon Inductive Reasoning.
Rely on careful systematic observation.
Empiricism

7. Scientific Method
Isaac Newton combined Empiricism and Rationalism

8. Scientific Societies Politics meets intellectual
Louis XIV recognized French Academy (due to absolute rule)
English Royal Society independent (due to constitutional rule)