1. Cold War Review

2. US Policies
Containment – Official US foreign policy to contain the spread of communism at “all” costs
Brinkmanship – Willingness of the US to go to the “brink” of war if necessary
Domino Theory – Theory that the spread of communism to one area would have a “domino effect” and spread to others.
Truman Doctrine – Official foreign policy of President Truman to support any country that resisted the spread of communism.

3. Marshall Plan – Foreign policy under Secretary of State George Marshall to provide aid $ to Europe to stablize and democratize. Balance of Power- Concept that peace is attained through balanced global powers. Iron Curtain – Imaginary line dividing Europe between the West (NATO-Democracy/Capitalism) and the East/Soviet Sphere (WARSAW-Totalitarianism/Communism)

4. Soviet Policies Satellite States/Puppet States– States in Eastern Europe that are under heavy Soviet influence or are under control of the Soviet Union. Considered the “Soviet Sphere” Détente – Cooling of tension between US and SU. Popular under Brezhnev, led to SALT treaties. Perestroika – Allowing some capitalism in communist system (similar to NEP). Popular under Gorbachev. Glasnost – “Openness” allowing freedom of ideas and criticism of government in the previously highly censored Soviet Union. Popular under Gorbachev. Brezhnev Doctrine – Soviet policy under Brezhnev under which the used FORCE and Repressive policies in the Soviet Satellites (Eastern Europe) De-Stalinization –Policy under which soviets tried to erase the memory of Stalin from the USSR.

7. Cold War Origins How did the treaties at the end of WWII contribute to the Cold War? YALTA – Divided Germany (Berlin Blockade) and promised free elections in E. Europe (Soviet Sphere). What were the sources of tension between the US and the Soviet Union? Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact and the failure of US to get involved in Europe sooner.

8. Major Cold War Events Berlin Blockade/Berlin Airlift Arms Race/SALT Space Race Bay of Pigs/Cuban Missile Crisis Korean War Vietnam Afghanistan Iran-Iraq War

9. Rival Alliances and Spheres of Influence NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization, US led military alliance made up mostly of Western democracies. Warsaw Pact: Soviet led alliance made up mostly of Eastern European soviet satellites. What was the role of the Soviet Union in Eastern Europe? Soviet union exerted its power and influence throughout E. Europe, sometimes even using extreme force. How did the Cold War come to an end in Eastern Europe? Revolutions (i.e. Hungary) and protests (i.e. Poland) against Soviet Union led to a dissolution of the Soviet control in Eastern Europe.

10. The End of the Cold War How did changes in Soviet leadership impact the Cold War? Brezhnev follows Détente which cools tensions. Gorbachev institutes Glasnost and Perestroika which ends censorship and opens Russia up to some capitalism. How did the Cold War come to an end in the Soviet Union? Communism crumbles in E. Europe, people lead pro-democracy movements in SU, elect 1st president (Yeltsin) What was life like in Post-Cold War Russia? Economic hardship resulted, lack of consumer goods, poor standard of living, high corruption rates.