1. #15 Ch 18 S 2 Details: Notes Read Ch 18 S 2 _____________
Trace the origins and geopolitical consequences (foreign and domestic) of the Cold War and containment policy, including the following:
The Truman Doctrine
The Korean War

2. Chapter 18: Cold War Conflicts Section 2: Origins of the Cold War

3. Standards
11.4.6, , &
Trace the declining role of Great Britain and the expanding role of the United States in world affairs after World War II.
Describe the increased powers of the presidency in response to the Cold War.
Trace the origins and geopolitical consequences (foreign and domestic) of the Cold War and containment policy, including the following:
The Truman Doctrine
The Korean War

4. Objectives Questions
Write the following 3 topics with 3 bullets each to complete the notes:
Communists take power in China/U.S. reaction:
Korean War /U.S. reaction:
Conflict between Truman and MacArthur:

5. Review
Following WWII, tensions between the former allies (US and USSR) arise again
Economic and Political differences
US- Democratic and Capitalist
Freedom of movement and ownership
USSR- Dictatorship and Communist
Military rule, no private ownership
The plans of each country for post WWII world were very different
The U.S. focus was on containing Communism
Truman Doctrine & Marshall Plan
USSR focused on keeping Germany weak and spreading communism

6. The Cold War Heats Up After World War II
China became a communist nation
Communists defeated Nationalist (US friendly) forces to take over the nation
The Communists were led by Mao Zedong
The Nationalists were led by Chiang Kai-shek
Korea split (based on Japanese surrender)
Communist north
Democratic south
Who was the Communist leader of the rebels in China?
Who was the Nationalist leader of China after WWII?
Which leader might the U.S. support? Why?

7. Mao Zedong (C) Chiang Kai-Shek (D)

8. China Becomes a Communist Country
Nationalists Versus Communists
Chinese Communists battle nationalist government of Chiang Kai-shek
U.S. supports Chiang, but his government is inefficient and corrupt
Communists, led by Mao Zedong, work to get peasant support
Peasants flock to Red (Communist) Army
By 1945, communists control north China
Why was supporting Kai-shek difficult for the U.S.?
Why was Mao Zedong so popular with the peasants?

9. Renewed Civil War
After WWII, the Japanese who had tried to control China during WWII had been eliminated
The existing government (Nationalists) now faced Communist opposition
, U.S. sends military aid to Nationalists to oppose communist rebellion
1949, Nationalists flee to island of Taiwan
Containment failed!
Communists established People’s Republic of China in mainland
Which group finally took control of China? How did they gain control?

10. America Reacts to Communist Takeover
U.S. did not recognize Communist Chinese government
U.S. public stunned by Communist takeover
Conservatives blame Truman for not sending enough aid
Some begin to question Truman’s and other democrat’s toughness on Communist expansion
Who was blamed for losing China to Communism?
With the loss of China to Communists, what had failed?

11. The Korean War A Divided Country Since 1910 Japan had controlled Korea
When the Japanese had been defeated in WWII they had to give up all land outside of Japan
38th parallel (38° N latitude) divides Japanese surrender in Korea
Japanese troops north of 38th parallel surrendered to U.S.S.R.
Japanese troops south of 38th parallel surrendered to U.S.
North and South Korea were formed
What caused the division of Korea?

12. Surrender Sparks Differences
The result of the surrender:
U.S.S.R and U.S. now had the ability to create influence in the area in which soldiers surrendered to them
Since Japanese rule is done there is no government
Japanese troops north of 38th parallel surrendered to U.S.S.R.
Korea, north of the 38th parallel becomes Communist
Japanese troops south of 38th parallel surrendered to U.S.
Korea, south of the 38th parallel becomes Democratic
How was the new government created in each North and South Korea, why were they different?

14. The War Begins North Korea Attacked South Korea
1950, North Korea invaded South, began Korean War
South Korea called on UN to help stop invasion; Security Council approves
UN assigned MacArthur to lead forces against North Koreans
500K South Korean forces
500K U.S. forces
Why there about the same amount of U.S. troops fighting in the Korean War and South Koreans?
Who started the Korean War?

15. The United States Fights in Korea
MacArthur’s Counterattack
North Korea drove south, captured Seoul
UN, South Korean troops forced into small defensive zone
Pusan Peninsula
MacArthur attacked North Koreans from two sides and pushed into North Korea
Invasion came behind North Korean advance and forced many North Koreans to surrender
Inchon
Which side gained the upper hand in the war?
How did the South Koreans and the UN end up getting into North Korea?

17. Battle of Inchon

18. The Chinese Enter the Fight
The UN troops made a great recovery
Gaining the upper hand, UN troops push passed the 38th parallel and north very near the North Korean-Chinese border
North Korea could have fallen
China is Communist and does not want a democratic nation on their border
China sent troops in to help North Korea
Chinese troops pushed south; recaptured Seoul
Fighting continued for 2 more years
Why did China send troops to fight on the side of the North Koreans?
What might have happened if they had not sent troops in?

19. McArthur and Truman Clash
MacArthur recommends attacking China
MacArthur calls for war with China; Truman rejects request
Soviet Union, China have mutual assistance pact
Truman knew that if we attacked China the U.S.S.R. would attack the U.S.
MacArthur continues to push for invasion of China (tries to go over Truman’s head)
Truman eventually fired him
Public outraged over hero’s dismissal
Congressional investigation concluded Truman right
Was Truman correct to fire MacArthur for trying to go over his head? Why?

20. Settling for Stalemate
UN, South Korea retake Seoul, advance north, back to 38th parallel
Once back at the 38th parallel, the fight stalls
1951, Soviet Union suggests cease-fire
1953 an armistice is signed
Korea still divided
A demilitarized zone established between North and South Korea
Lack of success, high human, financial costs help elect Eisenhower
What was the outcome of the Korean War?
What is the purpose of a demilitarized zone?

21. Ground Control Changes in Korean War
June 1950
North Korea invades South Korea
September 1950
North Koreans push UN and South Korean forces to Pusan
Sept. – Oct. 1950
UN troops recapture 38th parallel and move toward China
Nov to Jan. 1951
Chinese intervention pushes UN forces back to around 38th parallel

22. Review Questions
What was the source of conflict between the U.S. and U.S.S.R.?
Who was the Nationalist leader of China following WWII?
Who was the Communist rebel leader in China following WWII?
Which Chinese leader did the U.S. support? Why? What was the real problem in supporting this leader?

23. Review Questions
Why did some people in America claim that Truman was soft on Communism and that the policy of containment had failed?
How did Korea become divided into North and South?
How did the Korean War begin?
Why did the U.S. aid South Korea?
How did the U.N. gain the upper hand in the war?

24. Review Questions Why did China enter the war?
What issue caused disagreement between Truman and MacArthur?
How did the Korean War end?

25. #15 Ch 18 S 2 Details: Notes Read Ch 18 S 2 Margin ?s A-D
Study Guide #s 1-12
Trace the origins and geopolitical consequences (foreign and domestic) of the Cold War and containment policy, including the following:
The Truman Doctrine
The Korean War