1. Carbohydrates
Quick energy!!

2. What elements are carbs composed of?
Carbon (C)
Hydrogen (H)
Oxygen(O)
In a ratio of – C : H : O
1 : 2 : 1
Example: Glucose C6H12O6 6
For every 1 Carbon (C) You will have
2 Hydrogens (H)

3. Function in living organisms
Energy Storage in plants and animals
Starch in plants
Glycogen in animals
Structural support in insects, plants & Fungi
Chitin in exoskeleton of insects & cell walls of fungi
Cellulose in plant cell walls

4. STRUCTURE!!

5. Carbohydrate Monomers (Building Blocks)
Mono=one
Saccharide=sugar
Monosaccharides:
are simple sugars commonly found in rings.

6. Carbohydrate Monomers (Building Blocks)
Glucose = C6H12O6

7. Carbohydrate Polymers
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Polysaccharides:
Poly=Many, Saccharide=sugar
Polysaccharides are made by linking monosaccharides (simple sugars) together.

8. Carbohydrate Polymers
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Carbohydrate Polymers
Disaccharides: Di=Two, Saccharide=sugar Disaccharides composed of 2 monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.

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Complex Carbs
Very Large Polysaccharides Have 3 or more simple sugars linked together

10. Carbohydrate Examples
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11. Monosaccharides Simple Sugars
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Monosaccharides Simple Sugars
Glucose: commonly found in blood of animals; the immediate energy source for cells
Galactose: a simple sugar found in milk
Fructose: commonly found in fruit
SIMPLE SUGARS

12. Monosaccharides Simple Sugars
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Monosaccharides Simple Sugars
Ribose & Deoxyribose are 5 carbon simple sugars that make up the backbone of RNA & DNA, respectively.

13. DISACCHARIDE EXAMPLES
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DISACCHARIDE EXAMPLES
Carbohydrate Polymers
2. Sucrose:
“Table Sugar”
Made up of
Fructose + Glucose
1. Lactose:
Found in Milk
Made up of
Galactose + Glucose

14. DISACCHARIDE EXAMPLES
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DISACCHARIDE EXAMPLES
Carbohydrate Polymers
Maltose:
Forms in the digestive tract of humans during starch digestion
Made up of
Gluctose + Glucose

15. Polysaccharides 1. Starch: Glucose (energy) stored in plants
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Polysaccharides
Complex Carb (Larger polysaccharide) examples
1. Starch: Glucose (energy) stored in plants
(breads, pasta, potatoes)

16. Complex Carb (Larger polysaccharide) examples
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Polysaccharides
Complex Carb (Larger polysaccharide) examples
2. Cellulose: Forms plant cell walls providing strength and rigidity.

17. Complex Carb (Larger polysaccharide) examples
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Polysaccharides
Complex Carb (Larger polysaccharide) examples
3. Glycogen: Glucose stored in the
liver and muscle of animals.
Used for quick energy!!!

18. Complex Carb (Larger polysaccharide) examples
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Polysaccharides
Complex Carb (Larger polysaccharide) examples
Chitin: Structural support in fungi cell walls and insect exoskeletons

19. Exit Ticket List the three elements which compose a carbohydrate.
One function of a carbohydrate is ___________.
Glycogen, a polysaccharide, in your liver may be broken down to glucose by the process of __________.
Draw the basic shape that represents glucose.