1. Architecture of Greece
Unit 1: Early Civilization and World in Transition
Lecture #4 Ancient Greece
Architecture of Greece
Military
Olympic Games

2. Objectives:
S2C2PO3- Analyze the enduring Greek and Roman contributions and their impact on later civilizations
B- Scientific and cultural advancements

3. I. Greek Architecture

4. A. Advances in Architecture
1. Used columns in buildings to show strength & power.
              

5. B. Types of Columns
2. Ionic
3. Corinthian
1. Doric

6. C. Example of Greek Columns
1. Used marble and ribbing to show elegance.
2. Made an impressive entrance to government buildings.

7. D. The Greek Parthenon 1. The Parthenon 2. Located in Athens
3. Inside was a 35 ft. statue of the Goddess Athena.

8. Parthenon on the Acropolis

9. E. The Temple of Athena Nike
1. Located in Athens.
2. Ionic columns are 64 feet tall.
3. 40 foot statue of Athena in the center.

10. F. Temple of Zeus 1. Built for religious ceremonies.
2. Built at Olympia.

11. Temple of Zeus

12. Statue of Zeus in Temple of Zeus
In his right hand a figure of Victory made from ivory and gold. In his left hand, his scepter inlaid with all metals, and an eagle perched on the sceptre. The sandals of the god are made of gold, as is his robe.

13. Olympic Games
The Olympic flame is lit during the Opening Ceremony. The fire is ignited in Olympia, Greece, and transported by relay to the site of the games. The flame symbolizes the light of spirit, knowledge, and life, and it is a herald of peace. Here, torchbearer Cathy Freeman stands triumphant after lighting the flame at the 27th Olympiad in Sydney, Australia.

14. II. Greek Olympic Games
A. 776 B.C. – first Greek Olympic Games held at Temple of Zeus in the Valley of Olympia.
B. Sports were part of religious ceremony.
C. Held every four years.

15. Greek Olympic Games D. All wars were stopped during the Olympics.
E. 394 B.C. - Greek Olympics ended when Romans conquer Greece.
F. Modern games start in 1896.

16. Review Questions: Name and describe the three types of columns.
Where is the Parthenon located?
Why was the Temple of Zeus built?
Why were the Olympics started?

17. III. Military of Greece

18. Persian Wars

19. A. Persian Wars 1. Persians conquered Greek cities in Asia Minor.
2. Greek cities revolted
3. Athens sent aid but Greeks lost to Persians
4. Then Persians sent army to Athens to punish them for helping

20. Persian wars
5. Battle of Marathon-outnumbered Athenians defeat Persians
6. Battle of Thermopyle- Persians won
7. Battle of Salamis and Plataea Spartans defeated the Persians and forced the invaders out of Greece.

21. Age of Pericles
B.C.
A Bust of Pericles who was perhaps the most influential and notable of all the Greeks from the Classical Age.  His love affair with Aspasia (who herself ran schools of higher education in Athens), his opening of the Peloponnesian War, his funding of art and architecture, and his contributions to Athenian democracy (e.g., pay for jurors and his Funeral Oration) all have made him one of the most intruiging figures of Classical Greece.  You can make out most of Pericles' name at the bottom of the bust: the first 'P' is chipped away, but the 'E' is clear, followed by the Greek letter Rho for 'R' (even if it does look like our 'P') then the 'I' and the 'K' etc.  (British Museum, Photo by M. Markowski) 

22. B. Golden Age of Athens 1. Pericles rule: Expanded democracy
Started a building program
Athens became center of Greek culture
2. Delian League formed and controlled by Athens
3. Athens becomes an empire

23. C. Peloponnesian wars
1. Peloponnesian League formed and controlled by Sparta
2. A dispute between Athens and Corinth (ally of Sparta) starts 27 years of fighting

25. Peloponnesian wars 3. Sparta defeats Athens 4. Result of wars-
-Athens lost its navy
-Empire
-Democratic form of government

26. IV. Alexander the Great A. Son of King Phillip of Macedonia
B. 336 B.C.- becomes ruler
C. One of greatest military leaders in world history
D. Controls from Greece to India
E. Known for the spreading of Greek culture
F. Less than 200 years after his death, the Roman Empire took control of Greece

27. Alexander the Great conquered most of the territory from Egypt to India by 326 B.C. He built Greek cities and introduced Greek culture wherever he ruled. Detail of a mosaic (before A.D. 79) from Pompeii, Italy; National Archaeological Museum, Naples, Italy (SCALA/Art Resource)
Alexander the Great

28. Review Questions: What started the Persian War?
What were the reforms of Pericles?
What was the result of the Peloponnesian Wars?
What was the most lasting achievement of Alexander the Great?

29. V. Greek Achievements A. Philosophy-Socrates (“know thyself”)
B. Literature-tragedy and comedy
C. Mathematics and science
D. Architecture and sculpture
E. The Olympic games
F. All had an impact on the civilizations that followed

30. Time Lines of War in Greece
You are going to create a timeline of the battles and wars of Ancient Greece.
You need to partner up with someone who does not sit at your table.
Review the material we have covered on the Greek wars.
Then, create a chronological list of all of the battles that took place.

31. Time Lines of War in Greece…Continued
Next, you will work individually to create a time line of the information. Make sure you calculate the scale of your paper so that your can fit all of the items on one sheet.
Then, you will need to draw pictures of each item. You must include color.
When you have completed your time line, you need to turn it in to Harris.