1. The Industrial Revolution Begins (1750-1850)
Chapter 5

2. California Standards:
10.3.1: Analyze why Britain was the first country to industrialize : Examine how scientific and technological changes and new forms of energy brought about massive social, economic, and cultural change : Describe the growth of population, rural to urban migration, and growth of cities associated with the Industrial Revolution : Trace the evolution of work and labor, including the demise of the slave trade and the effects of immigration, mining and manufacturing, division of labor, and the union movement : Understand the connections among natural resources, entrepreneurship, and capital in an industrial economy.

3. Vocabulary Section 1: anesthetic enclosure James Watt smelt Section 2:
capital
enterprise
entrepeneur
putting-out system
Eli Whitney
turnpike
Liverpool
Manchester
Section 3:
urbanization
tenement
labor union
Section 4:
Thomas Malthus
Jeremy Bentham
utilitarianism
socialism
means of production
Robert Owen
Karl Marx
communism
proletariat
social democracy

4. Dawn of the Industrial Age pg#170-173
Agricultural Revolution:
Began farming larger fields
Fertilizer from livestock to renew soil
Crop rotation
Plant things like turnips to restore exhausted soil
Created machines like the Jethro Tull seed drill
Industrial Revolution:
1. Anesthetic used for first time (prevents pain)
2. Sewing machine invented
3. Improved medicine
4. Skyscrapers

5. Britain Leads the Way Pg#174-177
Iron and Coal
1. Coal was used to separate iron from its ore.
2. Iron was used for steam engines and other machines
3. First iron bridge and eventually railroads.
1. Abundance of natural resourcesNatural ports and navigable rivers
2. Creation of canals which increase accessibility and trade
3. Large supplies of coal and iron

6. Technology Sparks Industrial Growth
Steel – Henry Bessemer
Chemistry – Alfred Nobel invented dynamite
Electricity – REPLACES STEAM; Michael Faraday and dynamo – machine that generates electricity; Thomas Edison and the light bulb

7. Transportation Advances
Steamships and railroads connect industry, resources, and consumers
Internal combustion engine = automobile and Henry Ford’s assembly line
Airplanes and Orville and Wilbur Wright

8. Communication Advances
Telegraph – Samuel F.B. Morse
Telephone – Alexander Graham Bell
Radio – Guglielmo Marconi

9. Business Takes a New Direction
Big Business = establishment that is run by entrepreneurs who finance, manufacture, and distribute goods
Need money? Sell stock or form corporations

10. Monopolies and Regulation
Monopolies – huge corporate structures that control entire industries or areas of the economy
Monopolies are eventually regulated to limit growth and foster competition

11. Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution pg#178-182
Industrial Middle Class:
1. Entrepreneurs who set the industrial revolution in motion
2. Merchants who invested capital in factories
3. Inventors who developed new technologies
4. Rags to Riches
5. Lived well in nice homes, wore fancy clothing, and ate well
6. Took pride in their hard work and their determination to get ahead.
7. Did not have sympathy for the poor.
8. Unlike the wealthy who had maids to look after the children women did not work staying home to raise the children

12. Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution pg#178-182
Industrial Working Class: 1. Lived in foul smelling slums. 2. Lived in tenements, multistory buildings divided into apartments. 3. No sewage or sanitation system 4. Men, women, and children worked .
Labor unions,
1. worker organizations, were illegal.
2. Workers wanted pay increase but had no political power.
3. Riots first occurred from with textile workers who smashed machines and burned factories

13. Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution pg#178-182
Harsh Conditions in Factories: 1. In textile mills workers constantly breathed in lint damaging their lungs. 2. The majority of factory workers were women because they could be paid less. 3. Women also were responsible for traditional home chores as well.
4. Workers faced a rigid schedule set by the factory whistle.
hour shifts
6 .Six or seven days a week
7 . Accidents were frequent including loss of a finger, limb, and even life.
Harsh Conditions of Mines:
1. Miners made more than factory workers but the conditions were much worse.
2. Worked in darkness
3. Coal dust destroyed lungs
4. Dangers of explosions, flooding, and collapsing tunnels

14. Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution pg#178-182
Factory Acts:
1. Child labor reform laws
2. Children can only work 12 hours
3. Children under the age of eight cannot work in cotton mills
4. Child workers had to be educated
Child Labor: 1. Children of the working class joined their parents in the mines and factories. 2. Started working at age seven or eight 3. Children performed jobs such as crawling under machine to make repairs.

15. New Ways of Thinking Pg# 184-188
Laissez-faire Economics: 1. Capitalism 2. Laissez-Faire: “Hands off,” government should not interfere with the free operation of economy. 3. Free market will produce more goods at lower prices due to competition.
David Ricardo:
Laissez-Faire economist
1. influenced by Adam Smith
2. Believed working class was trapped in poverty
3. Argued wage increase was a waste
4. Opposed government help for the poor
5. People can improve lives through thrift, hard work, and limiting the size of their families
Thomas Malthus
Laissez-Faire economist
1. Predicted population would outgrow the food supply
2. The poor will suffer as long as population increases.
3. Urged families to have fewer children and discouraged charitable handouts and vaccinations.
Adam Smith:
1. Free market will produce more goods at lower prices due to competition.
2. Adam Smith, author of, The Wealth of Nations, argued that free market would benefit everyone not just the rich

16. New Ways of Thinking Pg# 184-188
Utilitarian: Jeremy Bentham- 1. The idea that the goal of society should be the “Greatest happiness for the greatest number.” 2. Laissez-Faire with some government intervention. 3. Supported individual freedom, which was believed to support happiness
John Stuart Mill
1. followed the ideas and argued that the government should step in and improve the lives of the working class.
2. Ideas rejected by the middles class.
Utopians:
Robert Owens:
1. Early socialist societies formed communities in which all work was shared and all property was owned in common.
2. Believed fighting would disappear as their was no rich and poor. .
Jeremy Bentham

17. New Ways of Thinking Pg# 184-188
Communism: Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels- 1. “scientific revolution”, communism form of socialism based on economic class struggle 2. called for “classless society” 3. history based on “haves” and “have-nots” 4. “haves” were known as “bourgeoisie” or middle class 5. “have-nots” were the “proletariat” or working class 6. Marx predicted proletariat would defeat bourgeoisie 7. workers would take over means of production .
Jeremy Bentham