1. 16 June 2010
Biodiversity.ppt

2. Biodiversity Variety of living things, number of kinds
Ecological diversity
different habitats, niches, species interactions
Species diversity
different kinds of organisms, relationships among species
Genetic diversity
different genes & combinations of genes within populations
16 June 2010
Biodiversity.ppt

3. Benefits of Biodiversity
Ecosystem functions
1-Ecosystem services
Cleaning water,
Cleaning air,
Habitat & breeding areas for wildlife, …
2- Aesthetic and cultural benefits
16 June 2010
Biodiversity.ppt

4. Benefits of Biodiversity
food
Grains, fruits, vegetables, meat, fish
16 June 2010
Biodiversity.ppt

5. Benefits of Biodiversity4-
Plants
Jellyfish & sea anemones
Nudibranchs
Marine slugs
16 June 2010
Biodiversity.ppt

6. Threats to Biodiversity
Extinction and population reductions
1- Hunting and overharvesting
Tiger
Dodo
Whales
Sharks
Habitat loss
16 June 2010
Biodiversity.ppt

7. Threats to Biodiversity
Extinction and population reductions
2-Pollution
3-Climate change
4-Invasive species
16 June 2010
Biodiversity.ppt

8. Threats to Biodiversity
Development often splits ecosystems into pieces, a process called habitat fragmentation, leaving habitat “islands.”

9. Threats to Biodiversity
Island Biogeography
Everyplace is an island
fragmentation
Smaller fragments hold fewer
16 June 2010
Biodiversity.ppt

10. Protecting Biodiversity
How can we protect biodiversity
Stop overharvesting
Sustainable yield
Hunting & fishing laws (every state ?)
in developing nations ?
Protect habitat
Refuges, parks, preserves
Endangered Species Act
16 June 2010
Biodiversity.ppt

11. Protecting Biodiversity
@Ecological “hotspots”
Protection of
16 June 2010
Biodiversity.ppt

12. What are some benefits to Biodiversity?
Medicine
Food
Aesthetic views
Services
11/12/2018

13. What are some threats to Biodiversity?
Hunting
Habitat fragmentation
Pollution
Invasive species
Climate change
11/12/2018

14. Chapter 6 6.4 Meeting Ecological Challenges

15. Ecological Footprint
The Ecological Footprint describes the total area of functioning land and water ecosystems needed both to provide the resources an individual or population uses and to absorb the wastes that individual or population generates.
The per person use of resources in America is almost twice that in England, more than twice that in Japan, and almost six times that in China.

16. Ecology in Action
@The future of the biosphere depends on our ecological footprints, global population growth, and technological
Ecological research, properly collected, analyzed, and applied, can help us make decisions that will produce profoundly positive effects on the human condition.

17. Case Study #1: Atmospheric Ozone
Between 20 and 50 kilometers above Earth’s surface, the atmosphere contains a relatively high concentration of ozone called the ozone layer.
@By absorbing UV light, the ozone layer serves as a protective

18. Researching the Cause: CFCs
@In 1974 a research team demonstrated that gases called chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) could damage the ozone
CFCs were once widely used as propellants in aerosol cans; ex: refrigerators, freezers, and air conditioners; and in the production of plastic foams.

19. Changing Behavior: Regulation of CFCs
Once the research on CFCs was published and accepted by the scientific community, the rest was up to policymakers.
191 countries signed a major agreement, the Montreal Protocol, which stopped most uses of CFCs.

20. Case Study #2: Climate Change
This increase in average temperature is called global warming
There is much physical and biological evidence that has contributed to our current understanding of the climate change issue.

21. Physical Evidence
Between 1906 and 2005, Earth’s average global temperature rose 0.74°C

22. Physical Evidence
Sea level has risen since 1961 at a rate of 1.8 mm each year. This increase is caused by warmer water expanding and by melting glaciers, ice caps, and polar ice sheets. Satellite data confirm that arctic sea ice, glaciers, and snow cover are decreasing.

23. Researching the Cause: Models and Questions
The IPCC report documents that concentrations of carbon dioxide and several other greenhouse gases have increased significantly over the last 200 years. Several kinds of data suggest this increase is due to the burning of fossil fuels, combined with the cutting and burning of forests worldwide.
@This added carbon dioxide is strengthening the natural greenhouse effect, causing the biosphere to retain more

24. Possible Effects of Climate Change
Some climate changes are likely to threaten ecosystems ranging from tundra and northern forests to coral reefs and the Amazon rain forest.
Sea levels may rise enough to flood some coastal ecosystems and human communities.
Some models suggest that parts of North America may experience more droughts during the summer growing season.

25. Changing Behavior: The Challenges Ahead
The changes in behavior needed to cut back on greenhouse gas emissions will be major and will require input from economics and many other fields beyond biology.
@Some changes will rely on new technology for renewable energy and more efficient energy

26. What is the ozone layer and how was it being destroyed?
Protective barrier against UV light
Was being destroyed by CFCs
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27. What has been the cause of climate change?
Deforestation
Burning of fossil fuels
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28. What have we been doing to change?
Cutting back on fossil
Utilizing renewable energy sources
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