1. The Nature of Science

2. __________ = process of obtaining information using the _______ (________, ________, ________, ________, _______) Qualitative= Observations that are descriptions or describe the trait of an object or event Quantitative = Observations that describe a count or measurement
Observation
senses
smell
hearing
sight
touch
taste

3. Measurement = describes a quantity (time, length,
Measurement = describes a quantity (time, length, distance, mass, volume, temperature, weight/Force) ALWAYS includes a number and unit.
Unit = A label that indicates how a measurement was made (s, m, g, L, °C, N)
Base Unit = The basic unit for a measurement
Tool/Instrument= Devise that is used to measure objects

4. Length – distance
Tool/Instrument…ruler, meter stick, tape measure, odometer, caliper
Base Unit…meter (m)
Other common units: centimeter (cm)
millimeter (mm)
kilometer (km)

5. How to measure length… 1) Place ruler firmly against object
2) Align one edge of object EXACTLY with zero
3) Look at other edge of object to see which line on the ruler is closest to that edge
4) Write down whole number, and number that indicates the line the object is closest to
5) Write down the unit that the object is measured in

6. English vs. Metric Units
Which is longer?
A. 1 mile or 1 kilometer
B. 1 yard or 1 meter
C. 1 inch or 1 centimeter
1.6 kilometers
1 mile
1 yard = meters
1 inch = 2.54 centimeters
Left Image: Right Image:

7. Click the image to watch a short video about the meter.
Metric Units km m cm mm
The basic unit of length in the metric system in the meter and is represented by a lowercase m.
Metric Units
1 Kilometer (km) = 1000 meters
1 Meter = 100 Centimeters (cm)
1 Meter = 1000 Millimeters (mm)
Click the image to watch a short video about the meter.
Which is larger?
A. 1 meter or 105 centimeters
B. 4 kilometers or 4400 meters
C. 12 centimeters or 102 millimeters
D millimeters or 1 meter

8. Measuring Length How many millimeters are in 1 centimeter?
1 centimeter = 10 millimeters
How many millimeters are in 1 centimeter?
What is the length of the line in centimeters? _______cm
What is the length of the line in millimeters? _______mm
What is the length of the line to the nearest centimeter? ________cm
HINT: Round to the nearest centimeter – no decimals.
Ruler:

9. Mass – amount of matter in an object
Tool/Instrument…balance
Base Unit…gram (g)
Other common units: milligram (mg)
kilogram (kg)

10. How to measure mass 1) “zero” the balance 2) Place object on pan
3) Move the 100’s beam until too heavy; move back one notch
4) Repeat using the 10’s beam
5) Move 1’s slide until balanced
6) Read the hundreds, tens, ones then the tenths

11. English vs. Metric Units
1 pound = grams
Which is larger?
1. 1 Pound or 100 Grams
2. 1 Kilogram or 1 Pound
3. 1 Ounce or 1000 Milligrams
100 kilogram = 220 pounds
1 ounce of gold = 28,349.5 milligrams

12. Metric Units kg g cg mg
Kilogram Prototype
Mass refers to the amount of matter in an object.
The base unit of mass in the metric system in the kilogram and is represented by kg.
Metric Units
1 Kilogram (km) = 1000 Grams (g)
1 Gram (g) = 1000 Milligrams (mg)
Click the image to watch a short video about mass.
Which is larger?
A. 1 kilogram or 1500 grams
B milligrams or 1 gram
C. 12 milligrams or 12 kilograms
D. 4 kilograms or 4500 grams
Kilogram Prototype Image -

13. _______ + ______ + _______ = ________ g
Measuring Mass
We will be using triple-beam balances to find the mass of various objects.
The objects are placed on the scale and then you move the weights on the beams until you get the lines on the right-side of the scale to match up.
Once you have balanced the scale, you add up the amounts on each beam to find the total mass.
What would be the mass of the object measured in the picture?
_______ + ______ + _______ = ________ g
Top Image: Bottom Image:

14. Measuring Mass – Triple-Beam Balance
1st – Place the film canister on the scale.
2nd – Slide the large weight to the right until the arm drops below the line. Move the rider back one groove. Make sure it “locks” into place.
3rd – Repeat this process with the top weight. When the arm moves below the line, back it up one groove.
4th – Slide the small weight on the front beam until the lines match up.
5th – Add the amounts on each beam to find the total mass to the nearest tenth of a gram.
Click here to try an online activity.

15. Temperature – amount of heat
Tool/Instrument…thermometer
Base Unit…Celcius (°C)
Other common units: Kelvin (K)
boiling point of water (100° )
freezing point of water (0° )
Reading a thermometer
1)Place thermometer in liquid
2)Read the number scale as you would a ruler…read at the liquid mark

16. Reading a Thermometer Practice

17. Volume… space Quantity ___________ that describes amount of ______
Either…
How much space does the ______ take up? OR
How much ______ space is in a container?
space
object
empty

18. Volume graduated cylinder Tool/Instrument…___________ _________,
_________, pipet,
Base Unit (liquid) …_______ (__)
Base Unit (solid)… ______ _______ (___)
Other common units: ___________(mL)
______ ___________ (cm3)
beaker
Liter L
cubic meter m3
milliliter
cubic centimeter

19. Measuring liquid volume
Pour _______ into graduated cylinder
Move _______ so you read the ____ of the liquid at ______ level
Look for the __________ (the _______ surface of the liquid)
Look at the volume at the ________ of the meniscus
Read the graduated cylinder as you would a ruler
liquid
HEAD
top
EYE
meniscus
curved
bottom

20. English vs. Metric Units
Which is larger?
A. 1 liter or 1 gallon
B. 1 liter or 1 quart
C. 1 milliliter or 1 fluid ounce
1 fl oz = ml
1 12-oz can of soda would equal approximately 355 ml.
1 gallon = 3.79 liters
It would take approximately 3 ¾ 1-liter bottles to equal a gallon.
1 quart = liters

21. Measuring Volume
We will be using graduated cylinders to find the volume of liquids and other objects.
Read the measurement based on the bottom of the meniscus or curve. When using a real cylinder, make sure you are eye-level with the level of the water.
What is the volume of water in the cylinder? _____mL
What causes the meniscus?
A concave meniscus occurs when the molecules of the liquid attract those of the container. The glass attracts the water on the sides.
Top Image: Bottom Image:

22. Measuring Liquid Volume
What is the volume of water in each cylinder?
Images created at A B C
Pay attention to the scales for each cylinder.

23. Practice reading graduated cylinders

24. Time – how long it takes for something to occur
Tool/Instrument…stop watch, clock, watch
Base Unit…seconds (s)
Other common units: minutes (min)
hours (hr)
day (d)
week (w)

26. Reading a Stop Watch