1. THORACIC VERTEBRAE (Human Osteology)
VERTEBRAL COLUMN
THORACIC VERTEBRAE
(Human Osteology)

2. Typical T2-R8 (T Coetzee) Body Vertebral foramina Heart shaped
Demi-facets for heads of the ribs
Superior costal facet-for lower facet of head of same no rib
Inferior costal facet-for upper facet of head of succeeding rib
Vertebral foramina
Are the smallest in entire v/c

3. Typical Pedicles Inferior vertebral notch Laminae Spinous processes
Flattened from side to side
Inferior vertebral notch
Deeper than superior notch
Laminae
Short, broad, imbricated (overlap)
Spinous processes
Long, slopes inferiorly

4. Typical Transverse processes Rounded extremities
Ant=small round costal facet for tubercle of same no rib
Superior facet-directed posteriorly
Inferior facet-directed inferiorly

5. Atypical T1,9,10,11,12 (T Coetzee) T1 Whole facets sup: for head of R1
Demi-facets inf: for upper facet of R2
Rest is typical T9
Typical except for:
Has a large demi-facet on the upper part of its body for R9

6. Atypical
T10,11,12
Whole facets on each side of the body & pedicles for the same no rib
T10 also has a facet on its transverse process for the tubercles of R10
T11,T12 have no facets on transverse processes
Have sup, inf & lateral tubercles corresponding to the mamillary, accessory transverse procecesses of the lumbar vertebrae.
T11 compared to T12
T11 inferior articular process is thoracic and points inferiorly
T12 inferior articular process is lumbar in appearance

7. LUMBAR VERTEBRAE (Human Osteology)
VERTEBRAL COLUMN
LUMBAR VERTEBRAE
(Human Osteology)

8. Typical L1-4 (T Coetzee) Body Vertebral foramina Largest in v/c
Kidney shaped
Wider side to side
Vertebral foramina
Intermediate size i.e betw cx & tx

9. Typical Pedicles Inferior vertebral notch Laminae Spinous processes
Flattened from sup to inf
Inferior vertebral notch
Not equal compared to thoracic
Laminae
Short, do not overlap
Spinous processes
Massive, do not overlap

10. Typical Transverse processes Flattened Accessory process
Mamillary process

11. ATypical L5 (T Coetzee) Transverse process Spinous process
Deeper in front coinciding with the sacral angle
Characteristic feature: wide separation of the inferior articular processes to articulate with the sacrum
Transverse process
Short
Pyramidal
Spinous process
Small
Rounded