1. Migration Learning Objectives:
Describe and explain the different types of migration
To describe and understand the causes and effects of the migration

2. What is Migration? Migration can be defined as…
the movement of population from one area to another
It can involve a permanent or temporary movement
It can be voluntary or as in the case of refugees forced
The UN defines migration as “a change of residence lasting more than one year”.

3. Different types of migration
Forced migration
International migration
Rural-urban migration
Voluntary migration
Temporary migration
Permanent migration
Internal migration
The movement of people from one place to another.
Migrant has to move because of intolerable circumstances or a genuine fear for their life.
Movement of people across national frontiers for a minimum of 1 year.
Movement of people between the countryside and the city – Rural-Urban in LEDCs and Urban-Rural in MEDCs.
Migrant has chosen to migrate – usually for economic reasons.
Migrant has migrated but does not intend to remain in their new location permanently.
Migrant does not plan on returning to their own country.
Migrant has moved location within their own country.

4. Why do some people choose to leave their homeland?
How does this link to geography?
This family has just arrived in a new country.
Why do you think they might have chosen to leave their homeland?
There are people like them all over the world
Spider diagram as many different reasons as you can think of
Now prioritise… Do all of these reasons mean they should be allowed to stay in the country?
Do you think this is a problem or an opportunity?

5. Why do people choose to migrate?
For every potential migrant, their home will have positive and negative factors which influence their decision.
The destination they wish to migrate to will also have a variety of positive and negative factors to influence them.
These are called push and pull factors.

6. What are push and pull factors?
Draw a table, as below, and include some push and pull factors
Push factors
Pull Factors

7. Push and Pull Factors

8. What are their motives for moving?
Physical, social, economic or political?
By asking these questions, we build a better picture of the migrant.
Migration:
Voluntary or forced:
Temporary or permanent:
National or international:
Economic, environmental, socio-cultural or political:
For example, Turkish migrants to West Germany.
They chose to go-voluntary.
Many are permanent, some return home.
International.
They went to get jobs therefore economic.

9. 1.declining neighbourhood 2.to down-size home
Using the table below, classify the following list of push and pull factors into groups according to whether they’re physical, social, economic or political.
Reasons for Migrating
1.declining neighbourhood
2.to down-size home
3. hazard-free environment
4. high living standards
5. lower population densities
6. chances of upward mobility
7. marriage
8. freedom of speech
9.inaccessibility
10.heavy taxes
11. political asylum
12. natural disaster
13. planning law
14. ethnic cleansing
15. poverty
16. harsh climate
17. divorce
18. scenic quality
19. cheap land
20. civil unrest
21. unemployment
22. family or ethnic ties
23. good wages/salary
24. children leaving home
25. promotion at work
26. good welfare services
27. personal safety and security

10. Impacts of migration on population structure
Case
Study
Impacts of migration on population structure

11. For example ‘What might we be thinking about today?
Question Matrix
Is/Does?
Present
Has/Did?
Past
Can?
Possibility
Should?
Opinion
Would /Could?
Probability
Will?
Prediction
Might? Imagination
What?
Event
Place Image Here
Where?
Place
When?
Time
Which?
Choice
Who?
Person
Why?
Reason
How?
Meaning
Why would anybody emigrate from this beautiful island?
Task 1:
In pairs write down 5 reasons why anybody would emigrate from this island.
Extension:
Which age group is most likely to emigrate from the island?
Why do you think this.

12. Example: Barra in the Outer Hebrides
Barra, an island in the Outer Hebrides (Scotland), has long experienced depopulation as a result of the poor economic prospects in this remote location.
Why would young people aged choose to leave this remote island?
Task 1:
Describe the population pyramid for Barra. Remember this is one of the graphical skills which could be examined in unit 2.
Extension:
How has migration affected the population structure.
How do you think the population pyramid may have changed over time?

13. Population pyramid Barra
How has migration affected the population pyramid of Barra?
Weren’t many people born in these years?
Are there more girls or boys?
Task 1:
Describe the population pyramid for Barra. Remember this is one of the graphical skills which could be examined in unit 2.
Extension:
How has migration affected the population structure.
How do you think the population pyramid may have changed over time?

14. Why would anybody migrate from this beautiful island
Why would anybody migrate from this beautiful island? Outer Hebrides Migration Study Final Report
1.3 Drivers of change in population “The key drivers of population change are the limited job opportunities available in the Outer Hebrides; and particularly the lack of skilled jobs with progression opportunities, and the limited range of training and education opportunities. Coupled with this is a continued expectation that young people need to leave the islands to pursue education and job opportunities on the mainland. The limited opportunities for women have been widely identified as contributing to the gender imbalance in the population. The unique nature of the Outer Hebrides housing market makes it difficult for young people to access affordable housing. This may also be a contributing factor in population decline as young people leave to become independent. The strong sense of community that attracts many people to the Outer Hebrides can also be viewed as ‘suffocating and excluding’ by some; particularly by individuals who consider themselves to be different. This issue can be a factor in contributing to out-migration. The general confidence and optimism of the community is also seen as a factor influencing out-migration. The role of public agencies and the island media in promoting a pessimistic outlook has fuelled an almost exclusively negative portrayal of the Outer Hebrides in the national media”.

15. What problems will this cause?
a. This will lead to an ageing population in certain areas.
b. Lack of services as there is little demand for them.
c. Loss of skilled labour force.
d. Shortage of workers.
e. Put pressure on resources in other areas.
f. Feeling of isolation for some people who remain.
g. Decrease in birth rate.
h. Males more likely to migrate causing indentation in pyramid.
i. Cycle of decline e.g. lack of investment so less money generated.
Most significant problem
Task 1:
Read the 9 statements about the impacts of depopulation on the isle of Barra and assess the significance of them:
1 is the most significant impact.
9 is the least significant impact.
Extension task:
For the statement you have put as number 1 explain why you think this is.
For the statement you have put as number 9 explain why you think this is the least significant.
Least significant problem

16. Writing your own exam questions
Command word
Marks
available
From what you have learnt today you are to write your own exam questions.
You are each to select a red paper and a blue paper
The red ball provides you with a command word (think about what this means).
The blue ball identifies the amount of marks available (the more marks the more skill the question will require).

17. Question Matrix
Is/Does?
Present
Has/Did?
Past
Can?
Possibility
Should?
Opinion
Would /Could?
Probability
Will?
Prediction
Might? Imagination
What?
Event
Place Image Here
Where?
Place
When?
Time
Which?
Choice
Who?
Person
Why?
Reason
How?
Meaning