1. EXAM REVIEW [16 MARCH 2016]
EXAM CONTENTS:
DEFINITION PARAGRAPHS – WRITING & PEER EDITING
DESCRIPTIVE PARAGRAPHS – WRITING & PEER EDITING
‘A SECRET FOR TWO’ – COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS & VOCABULARY
‘CHARLES’ – COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS & VOCABULARY
SEE JH’S PBWORKS SITE FOR EXAM PREPARATION MATERIALS

2. Definition & Descriptive Writing Review

3. Definition vs Descriptive Paragraphs Compared
Description
Dictionary meaning
Facts
Details
Examples
Negation
Describes (adjectives)
Gives impressions not definitions
‘Shows’ the reader/’paints’ a picture
Creates a sensory image in the reader’s mind:
Related to the 5 senses – touch, taste, hearing, sight and smell.
Mostly written (but not exclusively) in the present tense.
Connect your writing using transition words:
first, second, then, next, the last thing, in addition, before, after, by the time, until; and conjunction (joining) words:
and, but, or, so, then, yet, when, because, although, though, even though, while, since, as, as soon as, where, wherever, everywhere, so that, such that, unless, as long as.

4. Definition writing

5. Connect your writing using transition words:
Definition Writing
Dictionary meaning
Facts
Details
Examples
Negation
Connect your writing using transition words:
first, second, then, next, the last thing, in addition, before, after, by the time, until; and conjunction (joining) words:
and, but, or, so, then, yet, when, because, although, though, even though, while, since, as, as soon as, where, wherever, everywhere, so that, such that, unless, as long as.

6. Definition writing – planning your writing.
Facts
Detaıls
Facts
Detaıls
1. Dıctıonary - meanıng
2. General characterıstıcs
3. Specıfıc characterıstıcs usıng an example
4. Negatıon – what it is NOT
Facts
Detaıls
Facts
Detaıls

7. Definition writing - question prompts to identify facts and details.

8. 2. General characterıstıcs
Definition writing – planning your writing.
WRITING ELEMENT
1. TOPIC SENTENCE
2. SUPPORTING DETAILS
(FACTS AND DETAILS)
3. SUPPORTING DETAILS
4. SUPPORTING DETAILS
5. CONCLUDING SENTENCE
(MAIN IDEA + PREDICTION, OPINION OR SUGGESTION
BUILDING THE DEFINITION
1. DICTIONARY DEFINITION. PUT THE WORD IN A CLASS (CATEGORISATION)
2. USING FACTS AND DETAILS, SAY WHAT UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS DISTINQUISH THE THING FROM OTHERS IN ITS CLASS.
3. GIVE AN EXAMPLE – USE SPECIFIC FACTS AND DETAILS FROM AN EXAMPLE TO SUPPORT THE GREATER DEFINITION. [ NOTE: FACTS & DETAILS MUST APPLY TO ALL OF THE CLASS]
4. SAY WHAT THE THING IS NOT
(NEGATION)
5. CONCLUDING SENTENCE (MAIN IDEA + PREDICTION OR OPINION OR SUGGESTION
Topic
1. Dıctıonary - meanıng
2. General characterıstıcs
3. Specıfıc characterıstıcs usıng an example
4. Negatıon – what ıt ıs NOT
5. Concluding sentence

9. WRITING ELEMENT
WHAT IS A ’HUMAN BEING’?
BUILDING THE DEFINITION
1. TOPIC SENTENCE
The dictionary states that a human being is a man, woman, or child of the species Homo sapiens.
1. DICTIONARY DEFINITION. PUTS THE WORD IN A CLASS (CATEGORISATION).
2. SUPPORTING DETAILS
(FACTS AND DETAILS)
Human beings are distinguished from other animals by superior mental development, power of articulate speech, and upright stance.
2. USING FACTS AND DETAILS, SAY WHAT UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS DISTINQUISH THE THING FROM OTHERS IN ITS CLASS.
3. SUPPORTING DETAILS
An example of a human being would be Mr. Jonny Harris. He, like other human beings, can use his mind to develop new ideas to explain the world, describe in detail how an aircraft works, and compete in running competitions.
3. GIVE AN EXAMPLE – USE SPECIFIC FACTS AND DETAILS FROM AN EXAMPLE TO SUPPORT THE GREATER DEFINITION. [ NOTE: FACTS & DETAILS MUST APPLY TO ALL OF THE CLASS].
4. SUPPORTING DETAILS
Mr. Jonny Harris is not the same as an elephant because he eats both animals and plants. An elephant is a herbivore.
4. SAY WHAT THE THING IS NOT
(NEGATION).
5. CONCLUDING SENTENCE
(MAIN IDEA + PREDICTION, OPINION OR SUGGESTION
In conclusion, human beings are an advanced animal species capable of even greater scientific discovery and progress in the future.
5. CONCLUDING SENTENCE (MAIN IDEA + PREDICTION OR OPINION OR SUGGESTION

10. WRITING ELEMENT
WHAT IS A ’HUMAN BEING’?
BUILDING THE DEFINITION
1. TOPIC SENTENCE
The dictionary states that a human being is a man, woman, or child of the species Homo sapiens.
1. DICTIONARY DEFINITION. PUT THE WORD IN A CLASS (CATEGORISATION)
2. SUPPORTING DETAILS
(FACTS AND DETAILS)
Human beings are distinguished from other animals by superior mental development, power of articulate speech, and upright stance.
2. USING FACTS AND DETAILS, SAY WHAT UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS DISTINQUISH THE THING FROM OTHERS IN ITS CLASS.
3. SUPPORTING DETAILS
An example of a human being would be
[WRITE YOUR OWN NAME AND ADD YOUR OWN SUPPORTING FACTS AND DETAILS]
3. GIVE AN EXAMPLE – USE SPECIFIC FACTS AND DETAILS FROM AN EXAMPLE TO SUPPORT THE GREATER DEFINITION. [ NOTE: FACTS & DETAILS MUST APPLY TO ALL OF THE CLASS]
4. SUPPORTING DETAILS
[WRITE IN YOUR OWN COMPARISON OF WHAT ‘YOU’ ARE NOT AND SAY WHY]
4. SAY WHAT THE THING IS NOT
(NEGATION)
5. CONCLUDING SENTENCE
(MAIN IDEA + PREDICTION, OPINION OR SUGGESTION
[WRITE YOUR OWN CONCLUDING SENTENCE]
5. CONCLUDING SENTENCE (MAIN IDEA + PREDICTION OR OPINION OR SUGGESTION

11. Descriptive writing

12. Descriptive writing
Describes (adjectives)
Gives impressions not definitions
‘Shows’ the reader/’paints’ a picture
Creates a sensory image in the reader’s mind:
Related to the 5 senses – touch, taste, hearing, sight and smell.
Mostly written (but not exclusively) in the present tense.
Connect your writing using transition words:
first, second, then, next, the last thing, in addition, before, after, by the time, until; and conjunction (joining) words:
and, but, or, so, then, yet, when, because, although, though, even though, while, since, as, as soon as, where, wherever, everywhere, so that, such that, unless, as long as.

13. Descriptive writing – plan your writing by brainstorming adjectives.

14. Descriptive writing – plan your writing by thinking about what senses are connected with your topic.

15. THE ORDER OF ADJECTIVES [BEFORE A NOUN]
ADJECTIVE TYPE
EXAMPLES 1
OPINION [ ATTITUDE & OBSERVATIONS]
DELICIOUS, LOVELY, NICE, COOL 2
SIZE [SIZE & HEIGHT]
BIG, SMALL, TALL, HUGE, TINY 3
SHAPE [SHAPE, WEIGHT, LENGTH]
ROUND, SQUARE, LONG, FAT 4
CONDITION [CONDITION, STATE]
CLEAN, WET, RICH, HUNGRY 5
AGE [HOW OLD IS IT]
OLD, YOUNG, NEW, ANTIQUE 6
COLOUR [COLOUR OR APPROXIMATE COLOUR]
GREEN, RED, BLUE, PURPLE 7
PATTERN [PATTERN, DESIGN]
SPOTTED, CHECKED, FLOWERY, ZIGZAG 8
ORIGIN [WHERE IS IT FROM]
AMERICAN, BRITISH, TURKISH, ARABIC 9
MATERIAL [WHAT IS IT MADE OF]
GOLD, WOODEN, PLASTIC, SYNTHETIC 10
PURPOSE [WHAT IS IT USED FOR]
GARDENING, SHOPPING, RIDING

16. Describe how you think about the topic
Descriptive writing –
planning your writing.
WRITING ELEMENT
TOPIC SENTENCE
2. SUPPORTING DETAILS
(THOUGHTS)
3. SUPPORTING DETAILS
(FEELINGS)
4. SUPPORTING DETAILS
(SENSES)
5. CONCLUDING SENTENCE (MAIN IDEA + PREDICTION OR OPINION OR SUGGESTION
BUILDING THE DESCRIPTION
1. WRITE A GENERAL DESCRIPTION [WHOLE IMAGE]
2. THOUGHTS (ADJECTIVES & ADVERBS)
3. EMOTIONS & FEELINGS (ADJECTIVES & ADVERBS)
4. SENSES (ADJECTIVES & ADVERBS)
5. CONCLUDING SENTENCE (MAIN IDEA + PREDICTION OR OPINION OR SUGGESTION
Topic
Describe how you think about the topic
Describe how you feel about the topic
Describe the topic using sight, sound, smell, taste, touch language
5. Concluding sentence

17. WHAT IS MR JONNY HARRIS LIKE?
WRITING ELEMENT
WHAT IS MR JONNY HARRIS LIKE?
BUILDING THE DESCRIPTION
1. TOPIC SENTENCE
My father Jonny is a tall, slim, 48-year old South African. He ıs an Englısh teacher in Turkey. He has short fair hair, although not very much of it! He has funny brown spots on his face which he calls freckles.
1. WRITE A GENERAL DESCRIPTION [WHOLE IMAGE]
2. SUPPORTING DETAILS
(THOUGHTS)
The first thought that I have when I think of my dad is that he is very strange. His mind seems to work in a completely different way to everyone else. However, what I do know is that he never lies and always wants the best for me.
2. THOUGHTS (ADJECTIVES & ADVERBS)
3. SUPPORTING DETAILS
(FEELINGS)
I am very proud of my dad. He has spent his whole life fighting injustice wherever he has found it and often been in great danger. He loves unconditionally and supports me in everything that I want to do. The only reason that I am at Standford University doing a PhD in Economics is because my dad encouraged me to learn as much as I could every day.
3. EMOTIONS & FEELINGS (ADJECTIVES & ADVERBS)
4. SUPPORTING DETAILS
(SENSES)
When I think about our campıng and walking holidays I get a sweet, excited taste in my mouth. My father always finds a new excitıng place for us to go full of amazıng sights and sounds. His cooking tastes awful. Occasionally we find ourselves in danger but his hand on my shoulder always reassures me that everything wıll be fine.
4. SENSES (ADJECTIVES & ADVERBS)
5. CONCLUDING SENTENCE (MAIN IDEA + PREDICTION OR OPINION OR SUGGESTION
In conclusion, my dad Jonny is very old, looks funny and thinks unusually. However, he is an amazıng father and I am really pleased and happy to be his son.

18. Editing

19. The Questions to Ask as an Editor
General
Is the writing understandable?
Is there something missing that needs to be added?
Does the writing flow?
Does it communicate the message the writer wishes to convery?
Definition Writing
Is the topic defined?
Is it clear and accurate?
Are the facts correct and relevant?
Are examples and negation provided?
Descriptive Writing?
Is the topic clearly described?
Are there many descriptive adjectives used?
Are the adjectives in the right order?
Is there a comparison?
Do you gain a mental picture and/or clear impression of the topic.

20. DEFINITION PARAGRAPH EDITING
1. What does this paragraph define? 2. What tells you that it will be a definition paragraph?
3. Is it clear and accurate? How could it be more clear and accurate?
4. Write any facts that are given.
5. Write any examples that are given.
6. Write any suggestions you have for improving the paragraph.
7. What did you like?

21. DESCRIPTIVE PARAGRAPH
1. What does this paragraph describe?  
2. What tells you that it will be a descriptive paragraph?
3. Underline all the descriptive adjectives. How many are there?
4. Is every adjective placed in the correct position? ❑ yes ❑ no
5. Do they create a mental picture? ❑ yes ❑ no 6. Add two more adjectives and one comparison to help describe the topic.
7. Is the paragraph indented with good margins? ❑ yes ❑ no 8. Do you have a positive or a negative impression of the topic? What word(s) gave you this impression?
Positive: ______________________________________________________
Negative: _____________________________________________________
9. How could the writer make it better?
10. What did you like?

22. How your writing will be marked on the exam

23. DEFINITION PARAGRAPH RUBRIC Basic Paragraph Structure
Title /2
Topic Sentence /4
Understandable /3
Writing
Supporting Details /8
Facts
Margins/İndentation
Conclusion Sentence
Examples
Organization
Accurate and Complete /5
Grammar
Total
/45
DESCRIPTIVE PARAGRAPH RUBRIC
Descriptive Paragraph
Descriptive Language
Use of the Senses
Mental Picture