1. Causes and Effects of
The Reformation

2. Essential Question:
Was Martin Luther right to rebel against the Catholic Church and form a new religion?

3. Directions
Write down text in cream.
Don’t write down text in yellow.

4. The Holy Roman Empire in the 16c

5. Martin Luther Born 1483 Priest & Professor in Wittenberg, Germany
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6. Selling of Indulgences
Pope Leo X started practice
certificates issued by Church to reduce or cancel punishment of sins
Luther didn’t agree with sale of Indulgences –
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1530 Depiction of Selling Indulgences

7. Calls for Reform John Wycliffe (1330-1384) Jan Hus (1370-1415)
Questioned the authority of the pope
Jan Hus ( )
Criticized the vast wealth of the Church
Erasmus ( )
Attacked corruption in the Church

8. Luther Posts The 95 Theses
1517 Luther nailed 95 Theses to door of Church
Criticized Indulgences & church corruption

9. Collection of Martin Luther’s Writings, 1581
Luther’s Ideas
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Collection of Martin Luther’s Writings, 1581

10. Luther’s Different Accounts
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Young Martin Luther
Old Martin Luther

11. Reformation Spreads Gutenberg’s printing press spreads ideas
Indulgences sales drop
Luther continued attacks

12. 16th Century Europe: The Reformation
Europe in 1560
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13. Response From Rome Pope Leo X sent envoys to end uprising
Luther refused to stop his criticism
In 1521 the Pope excommunicated Luther

14. Diet of Worms Council of German princes
Luther declared a heretic & outlaw
                                                                                                              

15. Peasant Revolt in 1525 Luther backed princes
Princes support Luther against Pope

16. Catholic Lutheran Faith and Good Works Ritual and Tradition Pope
Language – Latin
Faith alone
literal interpretation of bible
Did not recognize authority of Pope
Language – German

17. The Spread of Lutheranism

18. Calvin Wrote The Institutes of the Christian Religion
Predestination – God determines the fate of every person
Popular in Netherlands & Scotland

19. Calvin’s World in the 16c

20. The Anabaptists Baptized adults No participation in government
Pacifists
Persecuted went to America in 1600’s
Quakers, Baptists, Mennonites, Amish

21. The Anabaptists
Dutch persecution of Anabaptists (Mennonites)

22. The Catholic Reformation
Pope Paul III
Council of Trent

23. Protestant Churches in France (Late 16c)

24. Religious Persecution
Jesuits – religious order founded by Ignatius of Loyola
missionaries
Inquisition tortured unfaithful
                            

25. St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre Slaughter of Huguenots (French Protestants)

26. Edict of Nantes
Henri of Navarre defeated Catholic League & becomes Henry IV of France.
In 1598: Granted religious rights to Huguenots

27. Thirty Years War: 1618-1648 (over Religion)

28. Loss of German Lives in 30 Years’ War

29. Peace of Westphalia (1648)
Ruler of each state could determine its official religion, BUT must permit freedom of private worship.

30. Reformation Europe (Late 16c)

31. Effects of Reformation
Division within Christian faith
Religious Wars—30 Years War
Religious Persecution--Inquisition
Began Separation of Church & State

32. Write a summary: