1. Maybe I should be wearing goggles
CHEMISTRY

2. Chemistry Pre-Test What is matter? Name the particles of the atom
List the CHARGES of each particle
How do we determine the Atomic Number of an element?
How do we determine the Atomic Mass of an element?
Name at least five (5) elements and their symbols

3. What is Matter? Anything that can be smelled, tasted, touched…
Has mass and volume (takes up space)
Matter exists in a state or phase
Phases of matter include solid, liquid, gas, non-Newtonian, & plasma

4. Common Phases of Matter: Solid, Liquid, Gas

5. Non-Newtonian substances sometimes behave like a solid and sometimes like a liquid

6. Plasmas consist of freely moving charged particles, (electrons & ions) It is perhaps the most common phase of matter in the universe

8. Matter is made up of atoms… What’s an Atom?
The word ATOM (átomos) was first used by the Greek philosopher Democritus
Atom translates to “Indivisible”
It is the smallest particle characterizing an element
We can’t see the parts of atoms, even with modern technology, so we have an Atomic Theory
A theory is a good, logical idea about something but it hasn’t been proven to be true

9. Democritus BCE

11. Atomic Theory It’s thought that atoms are made of these common particles:
PROTON- has a positive Charge (P+)
NEUTRON- has a neutral charge; has both positive and negative attributes (N=)
ELECTRON- has a negative charge (e-)

12. Atomic Structure
Proton
Nucleus
Neutron
electron
Electron Clouds

13. Benfey’s Periodic Table 1960

14. Stowe Periodic Table 1988

15. Mayan Periodic Table 2001

16. Spiral Periodic Table 2005

17. Dufour Periodic Table

19. There is no single periodic table…

20. Most Common Periodic Table
First organized using the known properties from other chemists like Stanislao Cannizzaro
Dmitri Mendeleev created the most commonly used table of elements in 1869

21. Mendeleev’s table 1869

22. Most Commonly Used Table

24. Period of elements Organized horizontally
Indicates # of electron levels

25. Family of elements Organized vertically
Indicates # of electrons in outer cloud

26. Nitrogen 2 7 5 N 14.0067 Elemental Symbol (Often from Latin or Greek)
(1st letter is upper case, 2nd is lower case)
Nitrogen N
Elemental Name
# of e- in each electron cloud
Atomic Number (# of P+)
Atomic Mass (# of P+ & N=)

27. Q: How can I calculate the number of neutrons in an element??

28. Elemental Names & SymbolsFe
Iron; Latin Ferrum meaning “firm” Cu
Copper; Greek for island of Cypress/ Cuprius Na
Sodium; Natrium (Latin) meaning “soda”/ “salt” Ag
Silver; from Latin Argentum meaning “bright”

30. More Elemental Names & SymbolsAu
Gold; (Latin) Aurum- Roman Goddess of dawn Hg
Mercury; Greek Hydragyrium meaning ‘liquid silver’ Pb
Lead; Latin for Plumbum; origin of ‘plumber’

33. Element song?

34. John Dalton September 6, 1766 – July 27, 1844
All matter is made of atoms
Atoms of an element are identical
Atoms are rearranged in reactions

35. Elements are individual atoms…
When elements join together a compound forms
Elements join forming molecules of a compound
There several ways for molecules to form…

36. Covalent Bonding
Atoms join together to form molecules of a compound through bonding
Atoms “prefer” to have 8 e- in the outer cloud
In order to become more stable, elements will share e-
Water (H2O) is an example of covalent bonding

37. H H O

38. Ionic Bonding Occurs with salts
One element gives up an electron while another gains an electron
In the case of Sodium Chloride, Na gives up an electron and Cl gains one
This creates ions: the Na atom has a positive charge & the Cl atom has a negative charge
Opposite charges attract and a compound is formed

39. Cl Na