1. Chemistry of Life
Enzymes

2. I can explain the role of enzymes
Objective
I can explain the role of enzymes

3. Lactose Intolerance

4. Reactions Cells build polymers from monomers
Cells break down polymers to release monomers
The process in which molecules are built and broken down are called chemical reactions

5. Hydrogen peroxide breaks down to water and oxygen
Example Reaction
Hydrogen peroxide breaks down to water and oxygen

6. Reaction Rates
Chemical reactions are involved in processes ranging from contracting muscles to digesting food.
A huge number of reaction take place at the same time
The rate at which chemical reactions take place is important.

7. Catalyst The rate of chemical reaction is increased by a catalyst.
Catalyst: a chemical that speeds up chemical reactions
In living organisms a protein catalysts, an enzyme, is used to speed up reactions.

8. Example Catalyst
Catalase is the enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide

9. Enzyme
Enzyme: an organic molecule that speeds up a reaction without being changed
Enzymes make a reaction happen faster and with less energy
Enzymes remain unchanged so they can be used repeatedly
Most enzymes are proteins
Enzyme

10. How Enzymes Work
Enzymes work by lowering the activation energy of a chemical reaction
Activation Energy: the minimum amount of energy required to start a reaction.

11. How Enzymes Work
Enzymes lower the activation energy by reducing the amount of energy need for reactant to come together.
Enzymes bind the reactant molecules (substrates) tightly together.
The place on the enzyme where the substrates are bound is called the active site.

12. How Enzymes Work
Enzymes bind the reactant molecules (substrates) tightly together.
The place on the enzyme where the substrates are bound is called the active site.

13. Lock and Key Each enzyme is specific to one substrate molecule
The lock and key hypothesis states that the active site specifically matches the shape of the substrate molecule

14. Factors that Influence Enzymes
pH – most enzymes work the best at a pH between 6-8
Heat – adding heat boosts energy which increases the rate of the reaction
Some enzymes will permanently change (denature) if the conditions are too severe.

15. Importance of Enzymes
Enzymes help digest food – they break down macromolecules into smaller molecules the body can use.

16. I can explain the role of enzymes
Objective
I can explain the role of enzymes