1. MLA 7th Edition Formatting and Style Guide
Welcome to “MLA Formatting and Style Guide“. This Power Point Presentation is designed to introduce your students to the basics of MLA Formatting and Style. You might want to supplement the presentation with more detailed information available on the OWL’s “MLA 2009 Formatting and Style Guide“ at
Designer: Ethan Sproat
Based on slide designs from the OWL “APA Formatting and Style Guide “powerpoint by Jennifer Liethen Kunka and Elena Lawrick.
Contributors: Tony Russell, Alllen Brizee, Jennifer Liethen Kunka, Joe Barbato, Dave Neyhart, Erin E. Karper, Karl Stolley, Kristen Seas, Tony Russell, and Elizabeth Angeli.
Revising Author: Arielle McKee, 2014
Purdue OWL Staff
Brought to you in cooperation with the Purdue Online Writing Lab

2. This presentation will cover: General MLA guidelines First page format
Overview
This presentation will cover:
General MLA guidelines
First page format
In-text citations
The Works Cited page
This PPT will cover the 2009 updates to MLA, general guidelines, first page format, section headings, in-text citations, formatting quotations, and the Works Cited page.

3. What is MLA?
MLA (Modern Language Association) Style formatting is often used in various humanities disciplines.
There are two main manuals for MLA formatting. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 7th ed. and MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing, 3rd ed. The Handbook is used mostly by undergraduate and graduate students when writing papers for class. The Style Manual is used by professionals who are formatting documents in preparation for publication (like journal articles, books, book chapters, etc.). Many formatting elements are the same between the two books. This presentation will mostly focus on MLA formatting and style concerns that affect writing research papers.
MLA style is often used in the following disciplines: humanities, languages, literature, linguistics, philosophy, communication, religion, and others.
MLA format provides writers with a uniform format for document layout and documenting sources. Proper MLA style shows that writers are conscientious of the standards of writing in their respective disciplines. Properly documenting sources also ensures that an author is not plagiarizing.

4. The Works Cited (a list of all sources used in the paper)
What does MLA regulate?
MLA regulates:
Document Format
In-text citations
The Works Cited (a list of all sources used in the paper)
This slide presents three basic areas regulated by MLA students need to be aware of—document format, in-text citations, and Works Cited. The following slides provide detailed explanations regarding each area.

5. Format: General Guidelines
An MLA Style Paper should:
Be typed on white 8.5“ x 11“ paper
Double-space everything
Use 12 pt. Times New Roman (or similar) font
Leave only one space after punctuation
Set all margins to 1 inch on all sides
Indent the first line of paragraphs one half-inch
Type your paper on a computer and print it out on standard, white 8.5 x 11-inch paper
･Double-space the text of your paper, and use a legible font (e.g. Times New Roman). Whatever font you choose, MLA recommends that the regular and italics type styles contrast enough that they are recognizable one from another. The font size should be 12 pt
･Leave only one space after periods or other punctuation marks (unless otherwise instructed by your instructor).
･Set the margins of your document to 1 inch on all sides
･Indent the first line of paragraphs one half-inch from the left margin. MLA recommends that you use the Tab key as opposed to pushing the Space Bar five times.

6. Format: General Guidelines (cont.)
An MLA Style Paper should:
Have a header with page numbers located in the upper right-hand corner
Use italics for titles of large works
Place endnotes on a separate page before the Works Cited page
Create a header that numbers all pages consecutively in the upper right-hand corner, one-half inch from the top and flush with the right margin. (Note: Your instructor may ask that you omit the number on your first page. Always follow your instructor's guidelines.)
･Use italics throughout your essay for the titles of longer works and, only when absolutely necessary, providing emphasis
･If you have any endnotes, include them on a separate page before your Works Cited page. Entitle the section Notes (centered, unformatted).

7. Formatting the 1st Page The first page of an MLA Style paper will:
Have no title page
Double space everything
List your name, your instructor's name, the course, and date in the upper left-hand corner
Center the paper title (use standard caps but no underlining, italics, quote marks, or bold typeface)
Create a header in the upper right corner at half inch from the top and one inch from the right of the page (list your last name and page number here)
･Do not make a title page for your paper unless specifically requested
･In the upper left-hand corner of the first page, list your name, your instructor's name, the course, and the date. Again, be sure to use double-spaced text.
･Double space again and center the title.
Do not underline, italicize, or place your title in quotation marks; write the title in Title Case (standard capitalization), not in all capital letters.
･Use quotation marks and/or italics when referring to other works in your title, just as you would in your text: Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas as Morality Play; Human Weariness in “After Apple Picking“
･Double space between the title and the first line of the text.
･Create a header in the upper right-hand corner that includes your last name, followed by a space with a page number; number all pages consecutively with Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, 4, etc.), one-half inch from the top and flush with the right margin. (Note: Your instructor or other readers may ask that you omit last name/page number header on your first page. Always follow instructor guidelines.)

8. Sample 1st Page
･Do not make a title page for your paper unless specifically requested
･In the upper left-hand corner of the first page, list your name, your instructor's name, the course, and the date. Again, be sure to use double-spaced text.
･Double space again and center the title.
Do not underline, italicize, or place your title in quotation marks; write the title in Title Case (standard capitalization), not in all capital letters.
･Use quotation marks and/or italics when referring to other works in your title, just as you would in your text: Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas as Morality Play; Human Weariness in “After Apple Picking“
･Double space between the title and the first line of the text.
･Create a header in the upper right-hand corner that includes your last name, followed by a space with a page number; number all pages consecutively with Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, 4, etc.), one-half inch from the top and flush with the right margin. (Note: Your instructor or other readers may ask that you omit last name/page number header on your first page. Always follow instructor guidelines.)

9. ( ) In-Text Citations: the Basics
Within the text MLA uses parenthetical citations:
The format of parenthetical citations depends on the medium (e.g. Print, Web, DVD, etc.)
Parenthetical citations also depend on the source’s entry in the Works Cited page
The signal word in the text is the first thing in the corresponding Works Cited entry
Basic In-Text Citation Rules
In MLA style, referring to the works of others in your text is done by using what is known as parenthetical citation. This method involves placing relevant source information in parentheses after a quote or a paraphrase.
General Guidelines
･The source information required in a parenthetical citation depends (1.) upon the source medium (e.g. Print, Web, DVD) and (2.) upon the sourceﾕs entry on the Works Cited (bibliography) page.
･Any source information that you provide in-text must correspond to the source information on the Works Cited page. More specifically, whatever signal word or phrase you provide to your readers in the text, must be the first thing that appears on the left-hand margin of the corresponding entry in the Works Cited list.
( )

10. Author-Page Style In-text Example:
Corresponding Works Cited Entry:
Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” (263). Romantic poetry is characterized by the “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” (Wordsworth 263). Wordsworth extensively explored the role of emotion in the creative process (263).
In-Text Citations: Author-Page Style
MLA format follows the author-page method of in-text citation. This means that the author's last name and the page number(s) from which the quotation or paraphrase is taken must appear in the text, and a complete reference should appear on your Works Cited page. The author's name may appear either in the sentence itself or in parentheses following the quotation or paraphrase, but the page number(s) should always appear in the parentheses, not in the text of your sentence.
The both citations in the in-text examples on this slide, (263) and (Wordsworth 263), tell readers that the information in the sentence can be located on page 263 of a work by an author named Wordsworth. If readers want more information about this source, they can turn to the Works Cited page, where, under the name of Wordsworth, they would find the information in the corresponding Works Cited entry also shown on this slide. Reduce font size on slide to allow breathing room and space. Also, use a different font for the sample text so instructions look different from the excerpt.
Wordsworth, William. Lyrical Ballads. London: Oxford UP, Print.

11. For the following Print Source
Print Source with Author
For the following Print Source
Burke, Kenneth. Language as Symbolic Action: Essays on Life, Literature, and Method. Berkeley: U of California P, Print.
If the essay provides a signal word or phrase—usually the author’s last name—the citation does not need to also include that information.
Example:
Humans have been described by Kenneth Burke as “symbol using animals” (3) VS.
Humans have been described as “symbol-using animals” (Burke 3).
In-text Citations for Print Sources with Known Author
For Print sources like books, magazines, scholarly journal articles, and newspapers, provide a signal word or phrase (usually the author’s last name) and a page number. If you provide the signal word/phrase in the sentence, you do not need to include it in the parenthetical citation. These examples must correspond to an entry that begins with Burke, which will be the first thing that appears on the left-hand margin of an entry in the Works Cited (as noted in the corresponding Works Cited entry on this slide). See comments from previous slide.

12. In-text Example, citing a work with no known author:
With Unknown Author
In-text Example, citing a work with no known author:
We see so many global warming hotspots in North America likely because this region has “more readily accessible climatic data and more comprehensive programs to monitor and study environmental change…” (“Impact of Global Warming” 6).
In-text Citations for Print Sources with No Known Author
When a source has no known author, use a shortened title of the work instead of an author name. Place the title in quotation marks if it's a short work (e.g. articles) or italicize it if it's a longer work (e.g. plays, books, television shows, entire websites) and provide a page number.
In this example, since the reader does not know the author of the article, an abbreviated title of the article appears in the parenthetical citation which corresponds to the full name of the article which appears first at the left-hand margin of its respective entry in the Works Cited. Thus, the writer includes the title in quotation marks as the signal phrase in the parenthetical citation in order to lead the reader directly to the source on the Works Cited page. See comments from previous slide.

13. Corresponding Works Cited Entry:
With Unknown Author
Corresponding Works Cited Entry:
“The Impact of Global Warming in North America.” Global Warming: Early Signs Web. 23 Mar
And this is how the Works Cited listing should look.

14. Works Cited Page: The Basics
Sample Works Cited Page:

15. Works Cited page: Books
Basic Format of the Works Cited Page:
Lastname, Firstname. Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Medium of Publication.
Examples:
Gleick, James. Chaos: Making a New Science. New York: Penguin, Print.
Gillespie, Paula, and Neal Lerner. The Allyn and Bacon Guide to Peer Tutoring. Boston: Allyn, Print.
Palmer, William J. Dickens and New Historicism. New York: St. Martin's, Print.
---. The Films of the Eighties: A Social History. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, Print.
Works Cited Page: Books
When you are gathering book sources, be sure to make note of the following bibliographic items: author name(s), book title, publication date, publisher, place of publication. The medium of publication for all “hard copy“ books is Print.
Book with More Than One Author
The first given name appears in last name, first name format; subsequent author names appear in first name last name format. If there are more than three authors, you may choose to list only the first author followed by the phrase et al. (Latin for “and others“) in place of the subsequent authors' names, or you may list all the authors in the order in which their names appear on the title page. (Note that there is a period after “al“ in “et al.“ Also note that there is never a period after the “et“ in “et al.“).
Two or More Books by the Same Author
List works alphabetically by title. (Remember to ignore articles like A, An, and The.) Provide the authorﾕs name in last name, first name format for the first entry only. For each subsequent entry by the same author, use three hyphens and a period.
There are many other possible factors that may arise when citing books. For a more complete list of rules and examples see the OWL’s “MLA 2009 Works Cited Page: Books“ at

16. Works Cited Page: Periodicals
Article in a Magazine Format
Author(s). “Title of Article.” Title of Periodical Day Month Year: pages. Medium of publication.
Example:
Buchman, Dana. “A Special Education.” Good Housekeeping Mar : Print.
Article in Scholarly Journal Format
Author(s). “Title of Article.” Title of Journal Volume.Issue (Year): pages. Medium of publication.
Duvall, John N. “The (Super)Marketplace of Images: Television as Unmediated Mediation in DeLillo's White Noise.” Arizona Quarterly (1994): Print.
Article in a Magazine
Cite by listing the article's author, putting the title of the article in quotations marks, and italicizing the periodical title. Follow with the date of publication. Remember to abbreviate the month. Please note the first example on this slide.
An Article in a Scholarly Journal
In previous years, MLA required that researchers determine whether or not a scholarly journal employed continuous pagination (page numbers began at page one in the first issue of the years and page numbers took up where they left off in subsequent ones) or non-continuous pagination (page numbers begin at page one in every subsequent issue) in order to determine whether or not to include issue numbers in bibliographic entries. The MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers 7th edition (2009) eliminates this step. Always provide issue numbers, when available. Please note the second example on this slide.
There are many other types of periodical publication. For a more thorough list of examples, please see the OWL’s “MLA 2009 Works Cited: Periodicals“ at

17. Works Cited Page: Web Web Source Format:
Editor, author, or compiler name (if available). “Article Name.” Name of Site. Version number. Name of institution/organization affiliated with the site (sponsor or publisher). Date of last update. Medium of publication. Date of access.
Works Cited: Electronic Sources (Web Publications)
MLA lists electronic sources as Web Publications. Thus, when including the medium of publication for electronic sources, list the medium as Web.
Citing an Entire Web Site
It is necessary to list your date of access because web postings are often updated, and information available on one date may no longer be available later. Be sure to include the complete address for the site. Remember to use n.p. if no publisher name is available and n.d. if not publishing date is given.
It is always a good idea to maintain personal copies of electronic information, when possible. It is good practice to print or save Web pages or, better, using a program like Adobe Acrobat, to keep your own copies for future reference. Most Web browsers will include URL/electronic address information when you print, which makes later reference easy. Also, you might use the Bookmark function in your Web browser in order to return to documents more easily.
Important Note on the Use of URLs in MLA
MLA no longer requires the use of URLs in MLA citations. Because Web addresses are not static (i.e. they change often) and because documents sometimes appear in multiple places on the Web (e.g. on multiple databases), MLA explains that most readers can find electronic sources via title or author searches in Internet Search Engines.
For instructors or editors that still wish to require the use of URLs, MLA suggests that the URL appear in angle brackets after the date of access. Break URLs only after slashes. See previous slide comment.
There are many other possible kinds of sources that can be cited from the Internet. For a more thorough list of examples, see the OWL’s “MLA 2009 Works Cited: Electronic Sources (Web Publications)“ at

18. Works Cited Page: Web Examples:
Bernstein, Mark. “10 Tips on Writing the Living Web.” A List Apart: For People Who Make Websites. A List Apart Mag., 16 Aug Web. 4 May 2009.
Felluga, Dino. Guide to Literary and Critical Theory. Purdue U, 28 Nov Web. 10 May 2006.
“How to Make Vegetarian Chili.” eHow.com. eHow. n.d. Web. 24 Feb
And here are some examples.

19. The End MLA 7th Edition Formatting Style Guide
Brought to you in cooperation with the Purdue Online Writing Lab