1. Aim: How did the reform movements of the 1840's affect the US?
Religious Reform
2nd Great Awakening
Started out of Jacksonian Democracy/ reaction to Enlightenment belief in goodness of man/ changing roles of men and women
Charles Finney/ Lyman Beecher
God all powerful, but humans choose their destiny (opposite of Calvinist predestination)
“Burned Over District”- Upstate NY
Adventists/Millerites
↑ church attendance
Restorationism
Deism- reason/observation of natural world…Unitarianism- anti-Trinity
Aim: How did the reform movements of the 1840's affect the US?

2. Similarities/Differences from original Great Awakening
• revivals and emphasis on morality/religious teaching
• Uniquely American with political and social significance
• new protestant sects
• Influences the “backcountry”
Differences
1st- New England…. 2nd- Western NY
2nd-More women involved
2nd- Inspired culture/art/society
Aim: How did the reform movements of the 1840's affect the US?

3. Aim: How did the reform movements of the 1840's affect the US?
Communals
Backwoods utopias/Communistic
Shakers
Brook Farm
Oneida
Aim: How did the reform movements of the 1840's affect the US?

4. Aim: How did the reform movements of the 1840's affect the US?
Mormons
Joseph Smith- Angel Moroni brought him golden plates, its translations made up the Book of Mormon (4th century prophet)
Connection between Native Americans and the lost tribes of Israel
NY>>Ohio>>Missouri>>Chicago
Murdered by local mob
Brigham Young- march to Utah… Why Utah????
escape persecution
At the time, it was Mexican territory
Polygamy
Aim: How did the reform movements of the 1840's affect the US?

5. Aim: How did the reform movements of the 1840's affect the US?
Transcendentalism
an idealistic philosophical and social movement that developed in New England around 1836 in reaction to rationalism. Influenced by romanticism, Platonism, and Kantian philosophy, it taught that divinity pervades all nature and humanity, and its members held progressive views on feminism and communal living.
Ralph Waldo Emerson/ Henry David Thoreau/ Walden Pond
"What lies behind us, and what lies before us are tiny matters compared to what lies within us."
True knowledge or ideal spiritual state “transcends”
Individuals have knowledge and power w/in them, but have to figure out how to tap into it
Non-violent protests
Didn’t pay taxes
Jailed
Abolitionists/feminists
Aim: How did the reform movements of the 1840's affect the US?

6. Aim: How did the reform movements of the 1840's affect the US?
Education
Horace Mann
Free public education
Most states eventually had taxes pay for public elementary schools
High School very rare
3 R’s
Teachers often were “fly by night”
Longer school years
Teacher preparation
McGuffey Readers- education and morality textbooks
1 room schoolhouse
Aim: How did the reform movements of the 1840's affect the US?

7. Aim: How did the reform movements of the 1840's affect the US?
Prisons/Mentally ill
Dorothea Dix
Toured prisons throughout US
Debtors/ hardcore criminals and mentally retarded people in same jails
Mentally retarded chained to the walls
Purpose of jails
Originally punitive
She alters it to “correction” “reform” “rehabilitation”
She leads way for mental hospitals
Aim: How did the reform movements of the 1840's affect the US?

8. Aim: How did the reform movements of the 1840's affect the US?
Exit Application
Should the US have a policy of rehabilitation or punishment for our prison system? Why?
Aim: How did the reform movements of the 1840's affect the US?

9. Aim: How did the reform movements of the 1840's affect the US?
Temperance Movement
The goal was to ↓, not necessarily end drinking!
Why?
Moral/Health
Work/$$
Who?
Women/ Northeast
Former alcoholics
Successful???
gallons year, gallons year
Maine 1851 banned alcohol
13 states before Civil War at one time or another banned alcohol
18th Amendment- Prohibition (1919)
Aim: How did the reform movements of the 1840's affect the US?

10. Aim: How did the reform movements of the 1840's affect the US?
Womens Movement
Abigail Adams- “Remember the Ladies”
Cult of domesticity/ “the submerged sex”
1800’s market economy set clear and specific roles for men and women, enhancing their differences
Catharine Beecher/Lucretia Mott /Margaret Fuller/ Amelia Bloomer/Susan B. Anthony/ Elizabeth Cady Stanton/Sojourner Truth/Grimke Sisters
Aim: How did the reform movements of the 1840's affect the US?

11. Aim: How did the reform movements of the 1840's affect the US?
Goals
↑educational opportunities
Voting rights
Equal wages
Career opportunities in Law, medicine, ministry
Not neccesarily equality, but more rights
Aim: How did the reform movements of the 1840's affect the US?

12. Seneca Falls Convention
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
“Declaration of Sentiments”
Reread Dec. of Independence and put “women” in
“History of Women’s Suffrage”
Aim: How did the reform movements of the 1840's affect the US?

13. Criticism of Seneca Falls Convention
"A discussion of the rights of animals would be regarded with far more complacency by many of what are called the wise and the good of our land, than would be a discussion of the rights of woman.“
Opinion written by former slave and abolitionist Frederick Douglass in his newspaper the “North Star”
Aim: How did the reform movements of the 1840's affect the US?

14. Conflict between Abolitionists and Women’s Rights
Why did the women’s movement start?
They felt left out at abolitionist conferences
Garrison’s World Anti-Slavery Conference refused to allow women to attend the convention
Abolitionists refused to tie in women’s rights to the anti-slavery issue. Why????
Aim: How did the reform movements of the 1840's affect the US?

15. Aim: How did the reform movements of the 1840's affect the US?
Nature
John Audubon
Audubon Society
Birds of America
Aim: How did the reform movements of the 1840's affect the US?

16. Aim: How did the reform movements of the 1840's affect the US?
Art
Charles Peale ??
John Trumbull
Hudson River School
Major Themes?? ?
Thomas Cole
Asher Durand
Aim: How did the reform movements of the 1840's affect the US?

17. Difference of Peale vs. Trumbull?
Aim: How did the reform movements of the 1840's affect the US?

18. Aim: How did the reform movements of the 1840's affect the US?
Hudson River School
Look for the 4 major themes!!
Aim: How did the reform movements of the 1840's affect the US?

19. Aim: How did the reform movements of the 1840's affect the US?

20. Aim: How did the reform movements of the 1840's affect the US?
Architecture
Thomas Jefferson
Classic Greek/Roman
Colonial Style
Why is this slide pretty bare in the number of notable architects?
US was growing, not grown, so they didn’t have time for splendid buildings, we needed functionality!!!!
If it works, its beautiful!!!
Aim: How did the reform movements of the 1840's affect the US?

21. Aim: How did the reform movements of the 1840's affect the US?
Literature
Knickerbocker School
Washington Irving
Rip van Winkle
Legend of Sleepy Hollow
James Fenimore Cooper
Leatherstocking Tales (Last of the Mohicans)
“History of the U.S. Navy”
Louisa May Alcott- Little Women
Melville-Moby Dick
George Bancroft- “Father of American History”
Aim: How did the reform movements of the 1840's affect the US?

22. Aim: How did the reform movements of the 1840's affect the US?
Poetry
Emerson and Thoreau
Dickinson
Walt Whitman
Edgar Allen Poe
Longfellow
Aim: How did the reform movements of the 1840's affect the US?