1. CV Risk Management in Diabetes: A Mandate for GLP-1 Receptor Agonists?

3. Introduction/Overview

4. Lowering HbA1c Reduces the Risk of Microvascular Complications -- But What About Macrovascular Complications?

5. December 2008 FDA Guidance on Evaluating CV Risk in New Antidiabetic Therapies for T2DM

6. CVOTs in T2DM

7. What Explains the Macro- and Microvascular Improvements Observed in LEADER?

8. LEADER: Primary Outcome*

9. LEADER: Time to Composite Endpoint (Macroalbuminuria, Doubling of Serum Creatinine, ESRD, Renal Death)

10. LEADER Results: Hypoglycemia

11. SUSTAIN-6 (Semaglutide): Primary Outcome Results

12. ELIXA: Primary Outcome -- CV Death, Nonfatal MI, Nonfatal Stroke, or Hospitalization for Unstable Angina

13. EMPA-REG: Primary Outcome (3-point MACE) -- CV Death, Nonfatal MI, or Nonfatal Stroke

14. EMPA-REG: Hospitalization for HF

15. Potential Mechanisms for CV Benefit Associated With Empagliflozin

16. EMPA-REG Microvascular Outcomes: Renal Protection

17. Kidney Damage and SGLT2 Inhibitors

18. Combining GLP-1 RAs and SGLT2 Inhibitors: Different Mechanisms and Complimentary Outcomes?

19. CANVAS: Primary MACE Outcome

20. LEADER: AEs Leading to Permanent Treatment Discontinuation

21. Do Differences in Trials Explain Differences in Outcomes?

22. Explaining the Differences in CVOT Outcomes

23. Liraglutide Decreases Carotid IMT Independently of Its Effect on Plasma Glucose

24. When, and in Which Patients, Should These Newer Glucose-Lowering Agents Be Used: A Proviso

25. Safety Issues With Newer Glucose-Lowering Agents: CANVAS and Risk of Amputation

26. Renal Risk and Results of Treatment in T2DM

27. Treatment Guideline Updates

28. A Mandate for Newer Glucose-Lowering Agents?

29. Summary and Conclusions

30. Abbreviations

31. Abbreviations (cont)