1. Homeostasis Homeostasis = maintaining stable internal conditions
“Dynamic state of equilibrium” means that internal conditions change and vary, but are maintained within a narrow range of limits.
For Example: The body must maintain an adequate amount of blood.
Homeo = same
Stasis = standing still

2. Homeostatic Control Mechanisms
Homeostasis
Homeostatic Control Mechanisms
lloydi.com
A “mechanism” is any process by which something occurs.
Communication is essential to homeostasis.
Chief systems involved:
Nervous system
Endocrine system
The factor or event being regulated is called the “variable.”
Brrrr! I’m shivering!

3. Homeostatic Control Mechanisms
Homeostasis
Homeostatic Control Mechanisms
Three main components of a Homeostatic Mechanism:
Homeostatic Control Mechanism
Receptor
Control Center
Effector
Stimulus
Receptor Off-Balance
I’m too HOT!
Sweat glands are working.
Effector
Control Center
Start the sweat glands.

4. Homeostasis Homeostatic Control Mechanisms
Feedback = causes a response to increase or decrease.
Positive Feedback
Negative Feedback
Pushes the response farther.
More rare in the body.
Examples:
Blood clotting
Birthing contractions
Reduces the response.
More common in the body.
Examples:
Body temperature
Breathing rate
Blood pressure

5. Homeostatic Imbalance
Homeostasis
Homeostatic Imbalance
As we age, our body systems become less efficient, and our internal conditions less stable.
healthcarefinancials.files.wordpress.com
In your textbook…
This symbol indicates a homeostatic imbalance section.

6. The Language of Anatomy
Anatomical Position = the standard position used when referring to anatomical parts of the body.
1. Body is standing erect.
2. Arms are hanging down at sides.
3. Palms are held forward with thumbs out.

7. The Language of Anatomy
Superior
Superior =
Towards the head end.
Ex. The neck is superior to the shoulders.

8. The Language of Anatomy
Inferior :
Towards the feet end.
Ex. The knees are inferior to the thighs.
Inferior

9. The Language of Anatomy
Anterior (Ventral) :
Towards the front.
Ex. The breastbone is anterior to the spine.
anterior
static-p3.fotolia.com

10. The Language of Anatomy
Posterior (Dorsal) :
Towards the back.
Ex. The heart is posterior to the breastbone.
posterior
static-p3.fotolia.com

11. The Language of Anatomy
Medial :
Toward the midline.
Ex. The breastbone is medial to the arm.
medial
tpub.com

12. The Language of Anatomy
Lateral :
Away from the midline.
Ex. The arms are lateral to the chest.
lateral
lateral
tpub.com

13. The Language of Anatomy
Intermediate :
Between a more medial and a more lateral structure.
Ex. The armpit is intermediate between the breast bone and the shoulder.
intermediate
tpub.com

14. The Language of Anatomy
Proximal :
Close to the origin of the body (or the point of attachment of a limb).
Ex. The elbow is proximal to the wrist (meaning the elbow is closer to the arm’s point of attachment than the wrist).
proximal
tpub.com

15. The Language of Anatomy
Distal :
Farther from the origin of the body (or the point of attachment of a limb).
Ex. The ankle is distal to the knee (meaning the ankle is farther from the point of attachment than the knee).
distal
distal
distal
tpub.com

16. The Language of Anatomy
Superficial :
Toward or at the body surface.
Ex. The skin is superficial to the skeleton.
A “superficial” wound is usually one that is not deep.
superficial
squarehe.com
tpub.com

17. The Language of Anatomy
Deep:
More internal or away from the body surface.
Ex. The lungs are deep to the rib cage.
deep
wocn.confex.com
tpub.com

18. The Language of Anatomy
Anterior Body Landmarks
Nasal
Oral
Cervical
Acromial
Thoracic
Brachial
Antecubital
Abdominal
Umbilical
Carpal
Digital
Pubic
Patellar
Crural (leg)
Tarsal
Let’s ID the facial landmarks first!
Orbital
Buccal
Sternal
Axillary
Pelvic
Coxal
Inquinal
Femoral
Fibular
Now let’s ID the main body landmarks!
Now let’s ID the outer body landmarks!
Now let’s ID the lower body landmarks!
tpub.com

19. The Language of Anatomy
Occipital
Deltoid
Scapular
Vertebral
Lumbar
Sacral
Gluteal
Femoral
Popliteal
Sural
Cephalic
Posterior Body Landmarks
mhhe.com

20. Body Planes and Sections
The Language of Anatomy
Body Planes and Sections
Frontal = lengthwise or longitudinal…
Divides into anterior and posterior.
Saggital = lengthwise or longitudinal…
Divides into left and right.
Section = refers to a “cut” through the body.
Plane = refers to a section made through the body wall or an organ.
Transverse = Horizontal…
Divides into superior and inferior.

21. Sagittal Examples of Body Planes and Sections: www.nlm.nih.gov
www3.americanradiology.com

22. Frontal Examples of Body Planes and Sections:
sinusinfocenter.com

23. Transverse Examples of Body Planes and Sections:
DE Body Atlas: CAT Scans

24. Ventral Body Cavity Dorsal Body Cavity The Language of Anatomy
Body Cavities
Dorsal Body Cavity
Ventral Body Cavity
Cranial Cavity
Thoracic Cavity
Dorsal Body Cavity
Diaphragm
Spinal Cavity
Abdominal Cavity
Abdominopelvic Cavity
Pelvic Cavity
anatomycorner.com

25. The Language of Anatomy
Homeostatic Imbalance
cafeketban.net
What cavity is most at risk?
The abdominopelvic…
…because it is only protected with muscle (no bones).

26. Divisions of the Abdominopelvic cavity:

27. Assignment:
TXT pg 20 Questions #1-5
ADAM Key Terms/Roots pg 2-5
SP (Study Partner)
(Study Partner is located at
Levels of Organization Introduction
Structure & Function   Life Characteristics    Human Organization    Homeostasis    Anatomical Planes    Directional Terms    Body Organization    Additional Activities    Quiz