1. Bellringer
Jacob Riis, Jane Addams, and Margaret Sanger are most closely associated with efforts to
educate and train formerly enslaved persons
preserve the natural environment
advance the interests of organized labor
improve conditions for the poor

2. People Power Populists and Labor Movements in the early 20th century
Standards
Identify and explain significant issues and components of the Populist movement and their impacts
Identify labor and workforce issues of the late nineteenth century
Learning Targets
I can compare and contrast the goals and impacts of populists with other labor organizations.
Essential Question (exit slip)
Assess which labor movement strategies of the early 20th century were most successful.

3. Political Machines
“I don't care who does the electing, so long as I get to do the nominating.”
Boss Tweed
The Brains Political Cartoon by Thomas Nast
A Harper's Weekly political cartoon lampoons the corrupt New York administration led by "Boss" Tweed and the Tammany Society.
Image: © CORBIS
Creator Name: Thomas Nast
Date Created: 1871

4. Political Machines Basics:
What?
Political parties that controlled local and state government in late 1800s
Who?
Political bosses helped their people get elected in return for jobs, city contracts
Ex. Boss Tweed (NY Tammany Hall) pocketed around $200 million of public funds
Why?
Cities were growing fast!
City government disorganized with few reliable services (police, fire, welfare)
Immigrants wanted protection, help
A political cartoon lampoons the corrupt administration in New York, New York, led by "Boss" Tweed and the "Tammany Society." Ca
Image: © CORBIS
Creator Name: Thomas Nast
Date Created: ca. 1871

5. Political Machines Basics:
How?
Corruption
Traded favors for votes
Voting fraud
Bribes
Kickbacks
Immigrants were met at Ellis Island, shown where to get housing, jobs, and helped to become naturalized citizens (who could vote!)
Can The Law Reach Him? The Dwarf and the Thief by Thomas Nast (Corbis.com)

6. Populism
“What you farmers need to do is raise less corn and more Hell!” Mary Elizabeth Lease (1890) Populist Organizer

7. Populism Why? Farmers were in trouble because of...
Mechanization - More machines = more debt
New Farm Land More land (on credit) = more debt
Specialization of Crops - Farmers only raise one crop (leads to trouble if that crop has problems)
Disasters - floods, boll-weevil, grasshoppers
Corporate Greed Barbed wire trust, Harvester Trust, Fertilizer Trust, Banks, and Railroads
"The Iron Horse Which Eats Up The Farmers' Produce.” 1873

8. Populism:
What?
Political movement that tried to help out the nation’s struggling farmers
They wanted to use both silver and gold coins, thus increasing the amount of money in the country
All money would be worth less, a situation that was bad for creditors (big banks) and good for debtors (farmers)

9. A Populist President? Who?
William Jennings Bryan ran as a Populist President in 1896 on platform of Free Silver
Big business opposes his run, Republicans win the white house, & Populists fade away
“You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns. You shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold” -- W.J. Bryan

10. Next few slides – just fun facts

11. The Wizard of Oz Written by Active Populist L. Frank Baum
Most things in the book represent something important to the populist movement

12. The Wizard of Oz Ruby Slippers Yellow Brick Road Oz Basic Symbols:
- In the book, were actually “Silver Slippers” (magic of Free Silver)
Yellow Brick Road
- “Gold” many dangers for regular people (like Dorothy) Oz
- Abbreviation for Ounce (way gold is measured)

13. The Wizard of Oz Dorothy Scarecrow Tin Man Characters: - Everyman
- Farmers
Tin Man
- Industrial Workers

14. The Wizard of Oz Lion Toto Wizard Characters:
- William Jennings Byran (a pacifist)
Toto
Temperance Activists (allies of the Populists)
Wizard
- President of the United States

15. Good Witches of North & South
The Wizard of Oz
Places:
Emerald City
- Washington D.C. (in the book, the color came from Green Glasses that everyone wore, a trick)
Good Witches of North & South
- Directions where Populists had friends (Midwest and South)

16. Ok – Let’s get serious again…

17. stations Work on the back of your notes sheet.
Divide your paper into 4 sections.
stations
Record at least three key events during the labor movement of this time period. Summarize each event in one or two sentences.
Record at least four details describing the working and
living conditions of industrial workers.
Record at least two strategies labor unions employed in their attempt to improve workers’ lives.
Then record at least two ways employers attempted to undermine unions.
Record at least three important losses or gains that labor unions experienced during this time.
Write at least one sentence explaining each gain or loss.

18. Game – Everyone Wins
Object of the Game To end the game with any positive number of points, earning you extra credit.
Materials Every group will receive an envelope containing a green card and a pink card.

19. Procedure:
The game has 6rounds. During each round, you will decide whether you want to play a green card or a pink card.
At the end of each round, all pairs will be asked to reveal their cards by quickly holding them up, at the same time.
• If all groups play green, every group will receive positive points.
• If some groups play green and some play pink
- groups that played green will receive negative points - groups that played pink will receive positive points
- If all groups play pink, every group will receive negative points.
You may send a representative to talk to other pairs about what color each group should play.

20. Procedure
4. After each round, you will receive positive or negative points for that round. The point values double for each round, as follows:
• Round 1: ±1 point
• Round 2: ±2 points
• Round 3: ±4 points
• Round 4: ±8 points
• Round 5: ±16 points
• Round 6: ±32 points
5. After Round 6, groups that ended with a positive number of points will earn extra credit.

21. Keep track of the points each group receives during the game by adding a + or a – before the
number of points for each round.
• If all groups play green, every group will receive positive points.
• If some groups play green and some play pink, groups that played green will receive negative
points, and groups that played pink will receive positive points.
• If all groups play pink, every group will receive negative points.

22. Debrief What emotions did you experience while playing the game?
Why was (or wasn’t) the class able to play the game so that everyone won?
Can you think of something from history or real life that has a similar dynamic to this game?
Based on your experience in the game and what you read, why might it have been difficult for workers to form labor unions?
Why might workers have wanted to form labor unions, despite those difficulties?

23. Exit Slip
Assess which labor movement strategies of the early 20th century were most successful.