1. Primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures.

2. Basic amino acid structure - glycine

3. Primary structure of insulin - polymerisation
DEFINITION: The primary structure of a protein is given by the unique specific sequence of amino acids that make up the protein

4. Secondary structure - Alpha helix and polypeptide chain
Hydrogen bond + -

6. Quaternary structure Combination of different polypeptide chains.
May also be non- protein (prosthetic) groups associated with the molecules e.g. Haem 6

7. Haemocyanin Haemoglobin β - polypeptide α - polypeptide Copper unit
Haem unit
crabs, lobsters, snails, octopus have blue blood.

9. Describe the 4 levels of protein structure in haemoglobin
Primary – consists of 4 polypeptide chains
Secondary – chains are coiled into a helix
Tertiary – each polypeptide chain is folded into a precise shape (allowing it to carry 02)
Quaternary – all 4 polypeptide chains are linked together to form an almost spherical molecule. Each polypeptide is associated with a Haem group (contains Fe2+) Each Fe2+ ion can combine with one 02 molecule.
How many oxygen’s can be carried by each haemoglobin?

10. 10