1. Bellringer #7
What did Pasteur do in his experiments on spontaneous generation that other scientists before him had not done?
He used curved necked flasks and left them open
He added microorganisms to the broth before he boiled it.
He boiled the broth in his flasks.
He sealed his flasks.
Open text to pg. Set up notes for Ch 15.

2. Chapter 15 Theory of Evolution
Conceptual Strand: A rich variety and complexity of organisms have developed in response to changes in the environment.
SPI Compare and contrast the structural, functional, and behavioral adaptations of animals or plants found in different environments.
SPI Recognize the relationship between form and function in living things.
SPI Recognize the relationships among environmental change, genetic variation, natural selection, and the emergence of a new species.

3. Chapter 15 Table of Contents Section 1 History of Evolutionary Thought
Theory of Evolution
Chapter 15
Table of Contents
Section 1 History of Evolutionary Thought
Section 2 Evidence of Evolution
Section 3 Evolution in Action

4. Chapter 15 Objectives Section 1 History of Evolutionary Thought
Define the biological process of evolution.
Summarize the history of scientific ideas about evolution.
Describe Charles Darwin’s contributions to scientific thinking about evolution.
Analyze the reasoning in Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection.
Relate the concepts of adaptation and fitness to the theory of natural selection.

5. He was convinced organisms had changed or evolved over time.
Section 1 History of Evolutionary Thought
Chapter 15
The Idea of Evolution
Charles Darwin visited the Galapagos Islands and noted groups of animals varied from island to island.
He was convinced organisms had changed or evolved over time.
Evolution: process of change in the inherited characteristics within populations over generations.

6. Evolutionary Relationships Between Whales and Hoofed Mammals
Section 1 History of Evolutionary Thought
Chapter 15
Evolutionary Relationships Between Whales and Hoofed Mammals

7. 1800’s scientists study rock layers or strata.
Section 1 History of Evolutionary Thought
Chapter 15
Ideas about Geology
1800’s scientists study rock layers or strata.
Lower strata formed first.
Cuvier noted deeper layers held fossils that were different from living species.

8. The Idea of Evolution, continued
Section 1 History of Evolutionary Thought
Chapter 15
The Idea of Evolution, continued
Lamarck’s Ideas on Evolution
Lamarck proposed inheritance of acquired characteristics: individuals could acquire traits in their lifetimes and pass those onto their offspring.

9. Lamarck’s Theory of Evolution
Section 1 History of Evolutionary Thought
Chapter 15
Lamarck’s Theory of Evolution
Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
Visual Concept

10. Descent with Modification
Section 1 History of Evolutionary Thought
Chapter 15
Darwin’s Ideas
Descent with Modification
Darwin wrote “On the Origin of Species” where he said descent with modification occurs, that all species descended from common ancestors, and that natural selection is the mechanism for evolution.

11. Section 1 History of Evolutionary Thought
Chapter 15
Darwin’s Voyage

12. Darwin’s Ideas, continued
Section 1 History of Evolutionary Thought
Chapter 15
Darwin’s Ideas, continued
Natural Selection
Organisms in a population adapt to their environment as the proportion of individuals with genes for favorable traits increases.
Those individuals that pass on more genes are considered to have greater fitness.

14. Section 1 History of Evolutionary Thought
Chapter 15
Natural Selection

15. Chapter 15 Adaptation Section 1 History of Evolutionary Thought
Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
Visual Concept

16. Chapter 15 Objectives Section 2 Evidence of Evolution
Relate several inferences about the history of life that are supported by evidence from fossils and rocks.
Explain how biogeography provides evidence that species evolve adaptations to their environments.
Explain how the anatomy and development of organisms provide evidence of shared ancestry.
Compare the use of biological molecules with other types of analysis of evolutionary relationships.
Describe the ongoing development of evolutionary theory.

17. Chapter 15 The Fossil Record
Section 2 Evidence of Evolution
Chapter 15
The Fossil Record
Fossils show different types of organisms appeared at different times and places.
Geologists have a timeline (geologic time scale) to show order in which different groups of rocks and fossils were formed.
Can tell a fossil’s relative age: its age compared to that of other fossils.
For certain rocks, scientists can estimate the time since formation, or the absolute age by using radiometric dating.

18. Anatomy and Physiology
Section 2 Evidence of Evolution
Chapter 15
Anatomy and Physiology
In organisms, analogous structures are similar in function but have different evolutionary origins.
Homologous structures (they think) have a common evolutionary origin.

19. Forelimbs of Vertebrates
Section 2 Evidence of Evolution
Chapter 15
Forelimbs of Vertebrates

20. Anatomy and Physiology, continued
Section 2 Evidence of Evolution
Chapter 15
Anatomy and Physiology, continued
They think a species with a vestigial structure probably shares ancestry with a species that has a functional form of the structure.
Related species show similarities in embryological development.

21. Chapter 15 Vestigial Features Section 2 Evidence of Evolution
Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
Visual Concept

22. Similarities in Embryology
Section 2 Evidence of Evolution
Chapter 15
Similarities in Embryology
Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
Visual Concept

23. Phylogeny-the relationships by ancestry among groups of organisms
Section 2 Evidence of Evolution
Chapter 15
Developing Theory
Modern scientists integrate Darwin’s theory with other advances in biological knowledge.
Theories and hypotheses about evolution continue to be proposed and investigated.
Phylogeny-the relationships by ancestry among groups of organisms

24. Case Study: Caribbean Anole Lizards
Section 3 Evolution in Action
Chapter 15
Case Study: Caribbean Anole Lizards
Ongoing examples of evolution among living organisms can be observed, recorded, and tested.
In convergent evolution, organisms that are not closely related resemble each other because they have responded to similar environments.

25. Case Study: Caribbean Anole Lizards, continued
Section 3 Evolution in Action
Chapter 15
Case Study: Caribbean Anole Lizards, continued
Divergence and Radiation
In divergent evolution, related populations become less similar as they respond to different environments.
Adaptive radiation is the divergent evolution of a single group of organisms in a new environment.

26. Comparing Convergent and Divergent Evolution
Section 3 Evolution in Action
Chapter 15
Comparing Convergent and Divergent Evolution
Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
Visual Concept

27. Natural Selection of Anole Lizard Species
Section 3 Evolution in Action
Chapter 15
Natural Selection of Anole Lizard Species

28. Section 3 Evolution in Action
Chapter 15
Coevolution
The increasing occurrence of antibiotic resistance among bacteria is an example of coevolution in progress.

29. Evolution Strata Natural selection Adaptation superposition
15 Vocab
Evolution
Strata
Natural selection
Adaptation
superposition
6. Relative age 7. Absolute age 8. Homologous structures 9. Vestigial structures 10. Phylogeny