1. Grammar and Punctuation at
St Margaret’s Prep
Friday 23rd February 2018

2. Aims Grammar and punctuation are key areas in the teaching of English.
The main aims of this workshop are to:
Look at the statutory curriculum requirements and expectations.
Review subject knowledge.
Help children use Standard English where appropriate - provide children with the vocabulary they need to discuss, reflect on and understand grammar and punctuation.
Aims

3. Curriculum Expectations - Year 1
New Curriculum Expectations- Year 1
Grammar and Punctuation:
Regular plural noun suffixes (s/ es/ ies)
Suffixes and Prefixes
Verbs
Adjectives
Connectives
Capital letters, full stops
Question marks and
exclamation marks

4. Curriculum Expectations - Year 2
New Curriculum Expectations- Year 1
Grammar and Punctuation:
Nouns
Adjectives
Adverbs
Sub-ordination and co-ordination conjunctions
Expanded noun phrases
Sentences with different forms
Present/past/continuous tenses
Capital letters, full stops, question marks, exclamation marks, commas and apostrophes

5. Curriculum Expectations - Year 3/4
New Curriculum Expectations- Year 1
Grammar and Punctuation:
Prefixes such as super, anti, auto
Determiners - a and an
Consonant and vowels
Conjunctions (co-ordinating and sub-ordinating)
Adverbs
Prepositions
Paragraphs
Headings and sub-headings
Inverted commas
Clauses

6. Curriculum Expectations - Year 5/6
New Curriculum Expectations- Year 1
Grammar and Punctuation:
Relative clauses
Adverbs indicating degrees of possibility
Cohesion within a paragraph
Linking ideas across paragraphs using adverbials of time
Brackets, dashes or commas to indicate parenthesis
Use of commas/ hyphens to clarify meaning or avoid ambiguity
Synonyms/antonyms
Active and passive voice
Subjunctive form

7. Test your knowledge!
In groups please match the grammar vocabulary
with the correct
definition.

8. Prefixes
Opposites are words whose meanings are as different as possible from each other.
We can sometimes give a verb the opposite meaning by adding a prefix like un or dis to the beginning of the verb.
The bus driver loaded the luggage.
The bus driver unloaded the luggage.
These verbs have opposite meanings.

9. Common Nouns and Proper Nouns
Common Nouns and Proper Nouns
A noun is the name of a person, place or thing.
A proper noun is the name of a particular person, place or thing.
A proper noun starts with a capital letter.
Tom went by Eurostar from London.

10. Pronouns A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun.
Pronouns
A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun.
Sam knew that Sam was different from the other geese. Sam knew that he was different from the other geese.
In this sentence we use the pronoun he instead of the noun Sam. This stops us from repeating the noun, making the sentence sound better.

11. Expanded Noun Phrases Expanded noun phrases add information to nouns.
Expanded Noun Phrases
Expanded noun phrases add information to nouns.
They make your writing more interesting and can help the reader to build a picture in their minds.
Expansion can be before and after the noun:
The spooky house on the hill…
An overgrown garden, with litter scattered everywhere…

12. Verbs A verb is a word that describes actions.
Verbs
A verb is a word that describes actions.
Some verbs are being words.
The frog is green and brown.
This is a being verb.
It tells us what the frog is.

13. Adjectives An adjective is a describing word.
Adjectives
An adjective is a describing word.
Adjectives give us more information about nouns.
The dragon came out of the cave.
We can improve this sentence by adding some adjectives.
The fearsome, fiery dragon came out of the huge, dark cave.

14. Adverbs An adverb is a word that modifies a verb in a sentence.
Adverbs
An adverb is a word that modifies a verb in a sentence.
There are four types of an adverb.
Adverbs of manner (how adverbs) end in ly.
Adverbs of place (also called prepositional).
Adverbs of time (also called time connectives).
Adverbs of frequency (always, usually, normally).

15. Adverbials A fronted adverbial goes at the beginning of a sentence.
Adverbials
A fronted adverbial goes at the beginning of a sentence.
It describes the verb in the sentence.
It describes where, when or how.
As soon as he could, Tom jumped off the train.
Last week, I went to the dentist.

16. Prepositional phrases
Prepositional phrases
A prepositional phrase tells us where something is or when it is happening.
The clue is in the word!
Without warning, the lightning struck a tree.
The child could not reach above the counter.

17. Sentences with different forms
Sentences with different forms
Statements are sentences that tell someone something and end with a full stop.
The boy stood up.
Questions are sentences that ask someone something and end with a question mark.
Did the boy stand up?
Commands are sentences that order someone to do something and end with an exclamation mark.
Stand up!

18. Co-ordinating Conjunctions
Co-ordinating Conjunctions
Conjunctions are joining words and their main function is to link together two different parts of a sentence with and, but, or, yet, however, so, as, when, because (co-ordinating conjunctions)
The two clauses would make sense if they stood alone.
She's already had two holidays this year and now she wants another one.
I had a terrible cold last week, but I still went to work.

19. Sub-ordinating Conjunctions
Sub-ordinating Conjunctions
Words like if, when, because, since, although, etc, are subordinating conjunctions which introduce subordinate clauses.
Subordinate clauses are dependent on the main clause and do not normally stand alone.
If you feel thirsty or hungry, help yourself to anything at all in
the fridge or freezer.
I helped myself to an ice-cold drink and a pizza from the freezer, while they were away.

20. Present Continuous Tense
Present Continuous Tense
The present continuous tense is used to talk about actions and
situations that are going on at the moment of speaking.
Here are the basic rules.
Use is when the subject is a singular noun (e.g. boy, book, apple) or third person singular pronoun (e.g. he, she or it)
Use are when the subject is a plural noun (e.g. boys, books, apples) or a plural pronoun (e.g. they, we, you)
- Use am when the subject is I

21. Present Continuous Here are some examples She is watering the plants.
Present Continuous
Here are some examples
She is watering the plants.
b) The boys are listening to the radio.
c) Mother is reading the newspaper.
d) I am working on my computer.

22. Determiner
The determiner is an important noun modifier which provides introduces and provides context to a noun, often in terms of quantity and possession. Determiners in English precede a noun or noun phrase
Examples: the, a, an, this, that, one, some, my, your

23. Relative Clauses/Pronouns
Relative Clauses/Pronouns
Clauses that begin with who, which, where, why, whose, that.
They give extra information about the preceding noun.
My brother, who is a solicitor, can help us.
The doctor, that my grandfather liked, lives in New York.
My brother, who I despise, is coming.
The new restaurant, which is near the covered market, served great food.

24. Active and passive voice
Active and passive voice
Actions can be written in the active voice or the passive voice.
In the active voice the subject does the action.
Gran broke the plate.
In the passive voice the action is done to a subject. The plate was broken by Gran.
Passive sentences usually contain the word by.

25. Subjunctive Form
The subjunctive is a verb form or mood used to express things that could or should happen.
It is used to express wishes, hopes, commands, demands or suggestions.
I request that he write to her (instead of he writes to her)
The subjunctive isn't used in English very often. Nowadays is usually replaced with modal verbs like might, could or should.

26. Test your knowledge!
Please spend about 5 minutes auditing your own Grammar subject knowledge.
Have a go at the test questions on the table.
These will not be
collected in!