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AGENDA Turn in your visual from last class
Questions about the traveler project? Cel.ly WolframAlpha – maybe GLANKLER AND I GOT TWITTER. AND INSTAGRAM Homework: Traveler project! Ch 7 guided reading packet – due Monday/Tuesday
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EMPIRES IN EAST ASIA
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china
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First, recap And then, WATCH THE DYNASTIES VIDEO
Individually, forty-five seconds to remind yourself of what we’ve learned about China so far – major people and dynasties. Then, share with a partner. Then whole class.
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THE SUI DYNASTY (589-618) Han dynasty falls 220 CE
Sui = “sway” Han dynasty falls 220 CE “Three Kingdoms” – no one dynasty in charge Sui Dynasty takes over 589CE With the fall of the Han, non-Chinese nomadic warlords took over China and competed for power – side note, we call them warlords, but really they’re just lords. Like feudalism. Everything declined – the bureaucracy fell apart trade and city life declined, Buddhism was gaining popularity (vs Confucianism). Just like the fall of Rome, which threw Western Europe into its dark ages – except China was able to recover a lot more quickly. With a partner – what else is going on in the world at this time?
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THE SUI DYNASTY ( ) Wendi unites a northern kingdom in China with a southern kingdom through a marriage alliance Massive building projects Military labor Conscripted labor Ethel gives four sentences to the Sui Dynasty. It’s only around for 29 years, but so much was accomplished!
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THE SUI DYNASTY (589-618) The Grand Canal
Intended to promote trade between north and south China Linked Yangtze and Huang He Rivers (Most Chinese rivers flow east/west) Connected northern and southern China in a way it never had been before Political and cultural unity, integrated economies Linked network of earlier canals 1100 miles Roads on either bank Succeeded only by railroad traffic in the 20th century! (And still used today) Ethel gives four sentences to the Sui Dynasty. It’s only around for 29 years, but so much was accomplished!
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THE FALL OF THE SUI Everyone’s mad over conscripted labor
Military failures With tribute states in Korea Prompt a rebellion Emperor assassinated in 618 By his son… yikes Who was also then assassinated because he was kind of crazy Short-lived… sounds like? Sounds like…
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LET’S USE CEL.LY! Text @Neinast to the number 23559
Your username needs to be your ID number I would send “OFF” to turn off notifications – or else you get a text for every time someone sends something Let’s check for understanding… Question – what was the major achievement of the Sui Dynasty?
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THE TANG DYNASTY (618-907) Tang Taizong (627-649) Strong ruler
Descendant of a Turkish tribe in northern China Strong ruler Built capital at Chang’an Placated nomadic peoples to the north to bring peace Murdered two brothers, thrust dad aside to take throne
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MAJOR ACHIEVEMENTS Transportation and communication Equal-field system
Extensive postal service Equal-field system 20% of land hereditary ownership 80% of land redistributed according to formula Family size, land fertility Worked well until 8th century Happy peasants!
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MAJOR ACHIEVEMENTS Bureaucracy of merit
Reintroduced civil service examinations Some bribery and nepotism…
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MAJOR ACHIEVEMENTS Military expansion China still “Middle Kingdom”
Manchuria, Korea, Vietnam, Tibet Tributary relationships But, good for all, and encourages trade Hegemonic control One of the largest expansions in Chinese history China still “Middle Kingdom” Kowtow ritual Some bribery and nepotism…
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MAJOR ACHIEVEMENTS Cultural achievements
Buddhas, literature, polo, poetry Buddhists originally given high favor, but over time, things got bad Over time, Buddhism persecuted Temples destroyed, monasteries burned Empress Wu Empress Wu WUled the Tang for a couple of years – was a Buddhist, Tang flourished under her rule. Later Confucianist writers blame her for a lot stuff. Later Confucianist writers blame her for a lot stuff. Remember, Buddhism flourished before the Sui, and that continued throughout the Sui and Tang. Over time, Confucianists wanted more power and more favor so they broke down the Buddhist advances
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DECLINE OF THE TANG Politics Governmental neglect Emperor obsessed with music, concubines Military Rebellion in 775 Nomadic mercenaries hired to help crush rebellion; end up sacking cities Turkish peoples called Uighurs Military commanders gain more power over time, compete for control Last emperor abdicates in 907
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WHAT’S GONNA HAPPEN? Lords competed for power – three major states arose *you can always assume, throughout Chinese history, that when there isn’t one emperor in charge, there are lords competing for power*
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CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING
Get back in that text (if you deleted it, to 23559) What was an agricultural achievement during the Tang Dynasty? What questions do you have? Can I explain something in greater detail?
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SONG DYNASTY (960-1279 CE) First emperor, Song Taizu (960-976)
Former military leader Made emperor by troops Emphasis on administration, industry, education, and the arts Military not emphasized – why? Yikes – led to the Liao taking land away
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ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE SONG DYNASTY
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TECHNOLOGY AND INDUSTRY
Porcelain (“Chinaware”) Iron, coal, steel – advanced and unrivaled Agricultural tools, weaponry, suspension bridges Gunpowder Invented in Tang, improved in Song Bamboo “fire lances” Earlier printing techniques refined Moveable type Woodblock printing Naval technology Junk ships Magnetic compass
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AGRICULTURAL ACHIEVEMENTS
Champa rice (from Vietnam) Fast-ripening 2 crops per year Agricultural advancements Iron plows, soil fertilization, improved irrigation Water wheels, canals Terrace farming All of this leads to…
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POPULATION GROWTH! Effective food distribution system Urbanization
Transportation networks Urbanization
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MARKET ECONOMY “flying cash” – letters of credit to deal with coin shortages Checks, too! Led to development of paper money All of which lead to increasingly cosmopolitan nature of Chinese cities Silk Road facilitates trade, creates greater demand for imported luxury goods
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CULTURAL CHANGE Continued persecution of Buddhists
Attacked Buddhist views on equality Created laws that favored men and excluded women from many things Confucianism restored; ‘neo-Confucianism’ Influenced by Buddhist thought Reestablishment of patriarchy
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CULTURAL CHANGE Footbinding gains popularity
Increased control by male family members Forces women into submissive roles WARNING: GRAPHIC IMAGES
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CEL.LY Get back in that text! (@Neinast to 23559)
What were some inventions made during the Song Dynasty?
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DECLINE OF THE SONG Politics and economics Military
Size of bureaucracy - had to pay them somehow Taxes lead to …. peasant rebellions! Military Lacked military training Bad leaders Fell to nomadic attacks
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TRIBUTARY STATES TO CHINA
SUBJECT; SUBORDINATE; REQUIRED TO PAY TRIBUTE
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TRIBUTARY STATE: KOREA
Silla Dynasty (688 – late 800s) in Korea Recognize Tang as emperor Vassal state, but highly independent Chinese influence on Korean culture pervasive Difference: Buddhist, not Confucian Some scholars believe that wood block printing was actually invented in Korea !
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TRIBUTARY STATE: VIETNAM
Vietnamese adaptation to Chinese culture, technology Ongoing resentment of political domination Lots of revolts Assert independence when Tang dynasty falls
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CHINA AND JAPAN Chinese culture influential
Imitation of the Tang dynasty Adoption of Confucian and Buddhist teachings, but still Shinto However, Japan developed in relative isolation
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JAPAN
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EARLY POLITICAL STRUCTURE
Clan-based political ties Due to geography! Mimic Tang during the 700s and set up an imperial court
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HEIAN JAPAN ( CE) Japanese emperor moved capital to Heian (Kyoto) Emperor as figurehead; real power in hands of Fujiwara clan Common continuity in Japanese history: weak emperor, power behind the throne Like …?
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LITERATURE AND ARTS Influence of kanji characters
Classic curriculum dominated by Chinese Development of syllabic alphabet Tale of Genji Written by a woman!! A story of love and intrigue in the imperial court Becomes classic of early Japanese literature Shows us that women were very involved in court life Poetry flourished
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HEIAN PERIOD Slow move away from Chinese models in religion, government, and arts Japan develops its own identity Court life becomes highly sophisticated DID NOT borrow the Chinese civil service system Shintoism
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INSTITUTION OF THE SHOGUN
Civil war between Taira and Minamoto clans in 12th century Minamoto leader named shogun in 1185 CE Shogun = military commander; de facto leader of the country Bakufu = military government This leads to a period of decentralization – power moves away from the emperor and into the hands of warlords known as daimyos Personal armies Samurai = “one who serves” Professional warriors Whoever has the most military might gets all the power!
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FEUDAL JAPAN Increasing power of shogun and samurai lead to peasants losing power Become serfs Could not move up in class Look to Buddhism for comfort
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FEUDAL JAPAN A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land, and military service JAPAN Shogun Land - Shoen Loyalty Land - Shoen Daimyo Daimyo Loyalty Samurai Samurai Samurai Food Protection Peasant Peasant Peasant Peasant
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SAMURAI Warrior code Valued honor and courage above all Seppuku (also referred to as hari kari) = ritual suicide Considered the only way to maintain honor in defeat
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COMPARING FEUDALISM: JAPAN AND EUROPE
Both rose due to weak central governments Both were based on mutual obligations
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COMPARING FEUDALISM: JAPAN AND EUROPE
CODE OF CHIVALRY CODE OF BUSHIDO Justice Loyalty Courage Faith Humility Nobility Fidelity Politeness Virility simplicity
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COMPARING FEUDALISM: JAPAN AND EUROPE
EUROPEAN KNIGHT SAMURAI WARRIOR
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COMPARING FEUDALISM: JAPAN AND EUROPE
KNIGHT’S ARMOR SAMURAI ARMOR
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RECAP China was and is the dominant force in Asia
Sui – built Grand Canal Tang/Song – invented everything China’s relationship with its tributaries: Korea: Political submission and cultural dependence Vietnam: Conquest and control for 1000 years Japan: Escaped direct rule, but influenced by Chinese – still created own cultural identity during Heian Feudalism, just like Western Europe in the Postclassical Era
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