1. ECOLOGY

2. Introduction
Ecology
Study of the relationships and interactions living organisms have with each other and with their environment.
Science that focuses on the interdependent relationships between the biotic and the abiotic.

6. Biotic Factor Anything living
A living organism is able to do ALL of the following:
Grow and develop
Reproduce independently
Respond to stimuli
Metabolize energy
Viruses are non-living

7. Abiotic factor Anything non-living
Abiotic factors CANNOT do one or more of the following:
Grow and develop
Reproduce independently
Respond to stimuli
Metabolize energy

9. Bacteria found in yogurt

10. Volvox

11. Sea urchin

12. water

13. rock

14. Abiotic of Biotic?? Space (the amount of room things need) Soil (dirt)
Air (O2 and other gases)
Temperature
Light (The Sun)
Dead fish

15. Ecological Niche An organisms role in an ecosystem:
EX: Plants are producers
EX: Earthworms aerate the soil
EX: Mushrooms decompose decaying material

16. Feeding Roles- vocabulary
Predator
Producer
Autotroph
Scavenger
Herbivore
Omnivore
Prey
Consumer
Heterotroph
Decomposer
Carnivore

17. Predator
Organism who attacks and consumes another organism to obtain nutrients.

18. Predator
Organism who attacks and consumes another organism to obtain nutrients.

19. Predator
Organism who attacks and consumes another organism to obtain nutrients.

20. Prey
Organism who is consumed by another organism.

21. Prey
Organism who is consumed by another organism.

22. Prey
Organism who is consumed by another organism.

23. Predator-Prey Relationship
List 5 types of Predator and Prey Relationships
Example: Predator (Lion) Prey (Zebra)

24. Producer Organism that makes its own food. Also called an AUTOTROPH.
auto = self
troph = food
Ex.
plants
algae

25. Producer = Autotroph
Change sunlight into a sugar called glucose (= food).
This process is called PHOTOSYNTHESIS.
photo = light
synthesis = to make
All photosynthetic organisms are producers / autotrophs.

26. Producer = Autotroph
Organism that makes its own food.

27. Producer = Autotroph
Organism that makes its own food.

28. Producer = Autotroph
Organism that makes its own food.

29. Producer = Autotroph Organism that makes its own food.
May also use chemical energy to make food.
Process is called chemosynthesis.
chemo = chemical
synthesis = to make

30. Consumer Organism that cannot make its own food.
Consumes other organisms for food.
Also called a HETEROTROPH.
hetero = other
troph = food
Ex.
everything except for plants and algae
ALL predators are consumers

31. Consumer = Heterotroph
Organism that cannot make its own food.

32. Consumer = Heterotroph
Organism that cannot make its own food.

33. Consumer = Heterotroph
Organism that cannot make its own food.

34. Types of Consumers
Scavenger
Decomposer
Herbivore
Carnivore
Omnivore

35. Scavenger
Consumer who feeds on dead/decaying material.

36. Scavenger
Consumer who feeds on dead or decaying material.

37. Scavenger
Consumer who feeds on dead/decaying material.

38. Decomposer
Organism who feeds on dead organic material, which helps break down (decompose) organic material.
Also called a saprophyte.
Plays a very important role in recycling nutrients in the ecosystem.
Ex. Fungi inhabit dead trees, getting energy from the tree and recycling nutrients from the tree into the soil.

39. Decomposer
Organism who feeds on dead organic material, which helps break down (decompose) organic material.

40. Decomposer
Organism who feeds on dead organic material, which helps break down (decompose) organic material.

41. Herbivore Consumer who feeds on plant material.
Herbivores feed ONLY on producers.

42. Herbivore Consumer who feeds on plant material.
Herbivores feed ONLY on producers.

43. Carnivore Consumer who feeds on other animals.
Carnivores NEVER feed on autotrophs.

44. Carnivore Consumer who feeds on other animals.
Carnivores NEVER feed on autotrophs.

45. Omnivore
Consumer who feeds on BOTH plant and animal material.

46. Omnivore
Consumer who feeds on BOTH plant and animal material.

47. Feeding Relationships- vocab.
Food chain
Producer
Primary Consumer (herbivore)
Food web
Secondary Consumer (carnivore)
Trophic level

48. Food Chain
Series of organisms through which energy flows in an ecosystem.
Each organism in the series eats or decomposes the preceding organism.

49. Food Chain
Series of organisms through which energy flows in an ecosystem.
producer, autotroph
consumer, heterotroph, herbivore
SUN

50. Food Web Complex interaction of all of the food webs in an ecosystem.
food chain + food chain… = food web

51. Food Web

52. Producer Organism who makes its own food. Also called autotrophs.
Uses solar or chemical energy to make sugar.
Also called autotrophs.

53. Primary Consumer Organism who feeds directly on producers.
Primary consumer = herbivore

54. Secondary Consumer Organism who feeds on primary consumers.
Secondary consumer = carnivore or omnivore

55. producer
SUN
primary consumer
secondary consumer

56. Trophic Level A trophic level describes a feeding level.
Trophic level number is determined by the number of “feeding steps” an organism is from the sun.

57. producer
primary consumer
1st trophic level
secondary consumer
2nd trophic level
3rd trophic level

58. 3rd
2nd
SUN
1st
2nd
2nd & 3rd
2nd

59. Transfer of Energy Why do we eat?
Food provides energy needed to maintain daily activities.
When you eat, energy is transferred from your food to you.

60. Energy Pyramid

61. Energy Pyramid Represents the transfer of energy between organisms.
tertiary consumer
secondary consumer
3rd
2nd
primary consumer
1st
primary producer

62. Pyramid of Biomass

63. Pyramid of Numbers