1. Organisms and Their Environments
Principles of Ecology
Organisms and Their Environments

2. Ecology
The study of the interactions of organisms and their environment

3. Biosphere The portion of the Earth that supports life.
Many different environments exist here.
Bio = life

4. NOTE:
All organisms depend on others for food, shelter, reproduction and protection. We must study an organism’s relationship with other organisms at different levels to see how different factors affect them.

5. Levels of Biological Organization

6. Organism

7. Population
A group of organisms of one species that interbreed and live in the same area.

8. Community
A collection of populations that interact with one another.

9. Ecosystem
Interactions of a community and its abiotic factors

10. Biome
A collection of similar ecosystems 

11. Biosphere
Interactions of all ecosystems on the planet.

13. Niche vs. Habitat

14. Niche The role a species plays in a community.
Includes the space, food, and other conditions the organism needs to survive.

15. Bay-Breasted Warbler
Feeds in the middle
part of the tree
Yellow-Rumped Warbler
Feeds in the lower part of the tree and
at the bases of the middle branches
Cape May Warbler
Feeds at the tips of branches
near the top of the tree
Spruce tree

16. Habitat
The place where the organism lives.

17. NOTE:
Several species may share a habitat, but the food, shelter, and resources of that habitat are divided into separate niches.

18. Quick review

19.  What is the portion of the earth that supports life called?
Give 2 examples of abiotic factors.
What do you call the role a species plays in its environment?
Biosphere 
Niche

20. What is formed by several populations that interact with each other?
What do you call a community and its abiotic factors?
List the levels of biological organization from smallest to largest.
Community
Ecosystem
OPCEB B

21. What do you call an organism that can make its own food?
What direction does energy flow thru an ecosystem?
What do you call an organism that eats both animals and plants?
What do you call an organism that absorbs nutrients from dead organisms?
autotroph
Producer  consumer
omnivore
detrivore

22. Interactions between Organisms

23. Predation
An interaction in which one organism captures and feeds on another organism.

25. Symbiosis
Close and permanent relationships between organisms

26. Commensalism
One species benefits and the other is not harmed or benefited.

27. Crab sheltering in carpet of a sea anemone

28. Mutualism
Both species benefit.

29. Golden damselfish being cleaned by 2 different cleaner fish- both parties benefit.

30. Parasitism
One species benefits and the other is harmed.

31. Mosquitoes are a parasite
Mosquitoes are a parasite. They benefit from our blood and we are harmed by the bite and/or transmitted disease.

32. These are common parasites.
Lice, Hookworms, Fleas, Ticks, Leeches

33. NOTE:
Energy and matter are constantly being recycled. A balance of everything going on in an ecosystem is called HOMEOSTASIS.

34. Quick Review

35. Describe commensalism. Describe mutualism. Describe parasitism.
One organism benefits, the other is neither harmed or benefited.
Both organisms benefit.
One organism benefits, the other is harmed.

36. What do you call a feeding step in a food chain?
How is a food chain different from a food web?
Balance = _____________
Trophic level
Food chain shows only one possible route for energy transfer.
Homeostasis