1. The Human Genome Project

2. How much DNA is in one cell?
Human genome = 46 chromosomes
about 3 billion base pairs
one base pair is meters
DNA sequence in any two people is 99.9% identical – only 0.1% is unique!

3. The Human Genome Project
An international effort to decipher the DNA blueprint of a human being

5. Human Genome Project Goals:
To sequence and determine the exact order of the nucleotides (A,C,T,G) for ALL of the DNA in a human cell
To determine which sections of DNA represent the individual genes
To store this information in databases for analysis

7. Publishing the human genome

10. Cloning

11. What is Cloning? versus Twins Clones
Cloning is the creation of an organism that is the EXACT genetic copy of the mother
Identical twins are natural clones, they share 100% of their DNA
versus
Twins
Clones

12. How do you clone an organism?
Remove the nucleus from an egg cell and a regular cell from a donor.
Fuse the enucleated cell with a regular cell (that still has its nucleus) by electric shock
The new fused cell begins dividing, just as a fertilized egg would.
The embryo is placed in the uterus of a surrogate mother and allowed to develop normally.
The surrogate mother gives birth to a genetic clone of the original egg cell donor donor!

15. Premature aging