1. Part II: Allied Advance
World War II:
Part II: Allied Advance

2. Gradual gains for the allies

3. American Victories in the Pacific
The Allies Strike Back (April, 1942)
U.S. bombers attack Tokyo
Shows that Japan is vulnerable (psychological move!)

4. American Victories in the Pacific
Battle of the Coral Sea: (May 1942)
Air battle
Allied forces successfully halted the Japanese advance on Australia

6. American Victories in the Pacific
Significance:
For the first time since Pearl Harbor a Japanese invasion had been stopped!

7. American Victories in the Pacific
Battle of Midway: (June 1942)
Americans broke Japanese code; knew where they were headed…
Japanese lost 4 aircraft carriers & 332 planes
The “avengement of Pearl Harbor”

9. American Victories in the Pacific
Turning point in the Pacific
Led to a new strategy for the Allies

10. American Victories in the Pacific
Douglas MacArthur: American commander in the Pacific
Plans to “Island hop” past strongholds & attack weaker Japanese islands to get closer to Japan

11. American Victories in the Pacific
1st Target: Guadalcanal – where Japan was building a huge air base…Allies struck fast on Aug 7, 1942! Huge casualties on both sides, but Japan abandoned island

13. Stalin’s Request
Starting in December 1941, Stalin kept asking the Allies to launch an invasion to open up a 2nd front in the West…Why?
But Allies take their time…

14. War in the Desert: North Africa

15. North Africa
The German advance in North Africa was led by Erwin Rommel, the “Desert Fox”
British surprise attack at El Alamein forces Rommel to retreat

16. North Africa
Americans land in 1942 under General Dwight D. Eisenhower

17. North Africa Rommel’s Afrika Korps halted by British & American tanks
By May 1943, the Allies defeat the Germans & control N. Africa

18. Battle of Stalingrad
Prolonged German offensive to take industrial city
Initially, Germany gained control of 90% of the city
However…the Germans had severely underestimated the Russian winter!

19. Battle of Stalingrad
Neither Stalin nor Hitler would allow troops to retreat
Russian forces were able to launch a counteroffensive & encircled the German army
Cut off supply lines & forced their surrender! (Soviets start pushing west!)

21. Stalin’s Request
Stalin is still waiting for an invasion of France…but FDR & Churchill decide to attack Italy first!

22. Allied invasion of Italy
July 1943: The Allies launched an invasion of Sicily from North Africa (capture it from Italians /Germans)

23. Allied invasion of Italy
Mussolini was arrested by the Italian government
Sept 3 Italy surrenders but Hitler sends in troops, controls Northern Italy and puts Mussolini back in charge

24. Allied invasion of Italy
By June 1944: Allies enter Rome
Germans keep fighting in N. Italy until war is over
Italian fighters find Mussolini – shoot him & hang his body

26. The End of the War

27. D-Day
June 6, 1944:
Allied forces launched a surprise invasion of German occupied France at Normandy (Operation Overlord)

29. D-Day Largest land- sea-air attack in history
Heavy casualties, but invasion is successful

30. D-Day
Within a month, over 3 million Allied troops were stationed in Europe

31. D-Day
Allies quickly liberate France: August 25, 1944 & begin to make their way across Europe

32. D-Day
While the U.S. & Great Britain were pushing west, Russian troops advanced into eastern Europe and Germany
Liberated death camps

33. Battle of the Bulge The Battle of the Bulge: (winter 1944-45)
A desperate Hitler ordered one last offensive as Allies close in on both sides
German failure! Germans retreat!

34. Meanwhile…

35. Meanwhile… Yalta Conference (February 4, 1945) The BIG THREE:
Roosevelt, Churchill & Stalin
Meet to discuss terms of German surrender

36. Meanwhile…
Stalin also agreed to join in the war against Japan within 90 days of Germany’s defeat

37. Meanwhile… U.S. President FDR dies on April 12, 1945
Replaced by Harry Truman

38. Victory in Europe
By spring of 1945, Allied armies approach Germany from both sides: Soviets from the East, Americans, etc…from the West

39. Victory in Europe Soviets finally surround Berlin in April 1945
Hitler commits suicide with Eva Braun (April 30, 1945)

40. Victory in Europe
One week later on May 8, 1945 (V-E Day) the Germans surrendered
War in Europe is over!!

42. Victory in Japan Allies move to retake Philippines in 1944
Face kamikazes: Japanese pilots who fly suicide missions

43. Victory in Japan 1945: Americans capture Iwo Jima & Okinawa
Japan suffers huge casualties

44. Victory in Japan
Advisors warn Truman invasion of Japan will cost many lives
Manhattan Project: secret program to develop the atomic bomb
Will he use it??

45. Hiroshima/Nagasaki

46. Hiroshima/Nagasaki August 6, 1945:
Little Boy, Hiroshima, 180, deaths
August 9, 1945:
Fat Man, Nagasaki, 80,000 deaths
August 14, 1945:
Surrender of Japan (V-J Day)

49. The Aftermath

50. Europe
Allies divide Germany & Berlin into four zones of military occupation
Would be occupied by the US, Soviet Union, Great Britain & France
Helps start the Cold War

51. Europe
Nuremburg Trials are held in Germany to try the people responsible for the war
Many are executed and jailed for war crimes & crimes against humanity

52. Japan General MacArthur takes charge of U.S. occupation of Japan
Demilitarizes Japan & brings military leaders to trial for war crimes

53. Japan Democratizes (creates a gov’t elected by people)
Japanese people adopt new constitution
Emperor stays, but loses power
Japan becomes a constitutional monarchy
Article 9 – Japan cannot make war

54. Japan MacArthur puts economic reforms in place
U.S. occupation ends in 1951
U.S. & Japan become allies!