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Winning the War: Chapter 26, Section 3

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1 Winning the War: Chapter 26, Section 3
1917 – Casualties = shortages at home & low morale European counties cracking under strain Tipping the balance??? United States enters WWI Russia pulls out of WWI.

2 To Win – MUST wage TOTAL WAR
Imposed Conscription = “the draft” – required all young men to join military Government raised taxes Rationed foods & gasoline Set prices & forbade strikes

3 British Navy blockaded North Sea = kept out German supplies
Confiscated Contraband = military supplies & raw materials needed for military (not food & clothing) Germany used U-boats (subs) to create own blockade 1915 – Germans sunk British liner Lusitania – killed 128 Americans U.S. Pres. Wilson warned Germany Germany stopped unrestricted submarine warfare – for the moment!

4 Both sides waged Propaganda War = the spreading of ideas to promote a cause or to damage an opposing cause France & Germany urged citizens to lend money to the government Allied propaganda highlighted the brutality of German invasions – circulated tales of atrocities = horrible acts committed against innocent people Exaggerations & falsehoods common

5 Women also joined war effort
Many worked manufacturing weapons & supplies Kept economy going Helped grow nations food in fields Nurses shared dangers nursing on front lines – around the clock – gruesome wounds on front line Women had new sense of pride & confidence – helped them win right to vote after war

6 By 1917 – morale had collapsed
Britain on brink of bankruptcy Germans sending 15 year olds to fight Too many casualties Food shortages Waste of so many lives French units mutinied Italian soldiers deserted Russia – full scale revolution back home

7 Russian corrupt officials & generals
1917 – bread riots in St. Petersburg = revolution Brought down Russian monarchy Learn more about this later Allies wanted democratic government Lenin came to power Pulled Russia out of WWI Germany now concentrated forces on Western Front

8 April 1917 – U.S. declares war on Germany & enters WWI
1917 – Germans resumed unrestricted submarine warfare – sinks American ships Wilson denounced Germany 1917 – British intercept Zimmerman telegram Germany wanted Mexico to help Germany against U.S. – said Mexico would get back New Mexico, Texas & Arizona in return Anti-German feelings intensified in U.S. April 1917 – U.S. declares war on Germany & enters WWI

9 U.S. took months to recruit, train, supply & transport military across Atlantic
1918 – Two million soldiers joined tired Allied troops Gave Allies morale boost American financial aid was big help

10 U.S. President Wilson hoped to be a peacemaker
January 1918 – issued the Fourteen Points = a list of terms for resolving this and future wars Freedom of the seas, free trade, reductions of arms, no secret treaties For Eastern Europe he wanted self-determination = the right of people to choose own form of government Wanted creation of a “general associations of nations” to keep peace in the future

11 Victory at Last September 1918 – German generals told the Kaiser war could not be won Uprisings, hunger all over Germany November 1918 – Kaiser William II steps down and flees – exile in Netherlands Kaiser William II exiled in the Netherlands

12 Victory at Last The Great War was over!
Autumn – Austria-Hungary also ready to collapse Hapsburgs, Bulgaria & Ottoman Empire all ask for peace At 11 a.m. on November 11th Germany sought armistice - agreed to end fighting the eleventh hour, of the eleventh day of the eleventh month – Now we celebrate it as Veteran’s Day! The Great War was over!

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