1. French Revolution
Chronological Stages

2. Estates General 1st Estate owns 10% of land
2nd Estate owns 25-30% of Land
3rd Estate owns 35-40% of Land
8% make up Bourgeoisie
“Old Order” or “Old Regime

4. National Assembly (1789) Created by The Tennis Court Oath
Bastille (pg 572)
“Great Fear”
Destroyed relics of feudalism (basically ended privileges of clergy and nobility)
Declaration of Rights of Man and the Citizen
Women’s march to Versailles
Civil Constitution of the Clergy

5. Legislative Assembly (1791)
Limited Monarchy
Active citizens voted for electors
Divided France into 83 departments
Departments were divided into districts and communes
Jacobins…Radicals
War starts between Austria
Paris Commune “Sans-Culottes” took over

6. National Convention Radical phase Dominated early by Georges Danton
Jacobin Club split
Girondin: From country wanted to keep king alive
Mountain: Crazies from City wanted to kill the king
War expands to include Austria, Prussia, Spain, Portugal, Britain & Dutch Republic
Grants power to the Committee of Public Safety

7. Committee of Public Safety
Initially led by Danton
Maximilien Robespierre
Universal mobilization of France
“Nation in Arms”
Reign of Terror
50,000 people killed
8% nobles, 25% middle class, Clergy 6%, peasant classes 60%.
Influenced by Rousseau’s General Will
Republic of Virtue

8. National Convention (Cont)
De-Christianization
New calendar
Renamed the Cathedral of Notre Dame
Equality and Slavery
François Toussaint L’Ouverture
Decline of Comm. Public Safety
Thermidorean Reaction

9. The Directory (1795) Reaction to the radical phase
Council of Elders and Council of 500
Materialistic reaction
Corrupt, still dealing with economic problems

10. Enter Napoleon…

11. Rise of Napoleon Short…or was he??? Born on Corsica…outsider
Gifted military commander.
Victories in Italian Campaign
Abandons his army in 1799
Coup d’etat

12. Domestic Policies of N.B.
Made peace with the Catholic Church (politique)
Napoleonic Code aka civil code
Preserved most of revolutionary gains
Equality of all citizens, right of individuals to choose professions, religious toleration etc
Restored father’s control over families
Bureaucracy
1802 he balances the budget
Meritocracy

13. Napoleon’s policies cont…
Growing Despotism
Napoleon shut down newspapers because they were publishing negative things
Challenges to Despotism
Gemaine de Staël. She was exiled where she continued to challenge Napoleon

14. Napoleon’s Grand Empire
French Empire
France with adjacent territories
Dependent States
Spain, Netherlands, Italy*, Swiss Republic, Grand Duchy of Warsaw, Confederation of the Rhine
Allied States
Those defeated by Britain
Prussia, Austria, Russia

15. Problem of Great Britain
Those pesky Brits
Continental System
Attempted to prevent British goods from reaching European Continent.
Failed
****Synthesis….*****

16. Nationalism
Rise of Nationalism…Edsall’s version.

17. Fall of Napoleon Russia Withdrew from Allied States
Napoleon forced to act
Invades Russia
Big mistake ***Synthesis***
Elba
Escapes
Battle of Waterloo (Duke of Wellington)
Final Battle
St. Helena