1. 20761B
12: Using Set Operators
Module 12
Using Set Operators

2. Using DELETE, DROP and TRUNCATE
20761B
Module Overview
12: Using Set Operators
Using BETWEEN, NOT
Using DELETE, DROP and TRUNCATE

3. Clause BETWEEN returns values that fall within a given range.
Using BETWEEN
12: Using Set Operators
Clause BETWEEN returns values that fall within a given range.
SELECT * FROM HR.EMPLOYEES
WHERE birthdate BETWEEN ' ' and ' ‘

4. SELECT * FROM HR.EMPLOYEES WHERE NOT TitleOfCourtesy ='Dr.'
20761B
Using NOT
12: Using Set Operators
In order to generate the report that retrieves data from the table with the values that we don’t want to have in output we use the operator NOT.
SELECT * FROM HR.EMPLOYEES
WHERE NOT TitleOfCourtesy ='Dr.'

5. Using the UNION Operator
20761B
Using the UNION Operator
12: Using Set Operators
UNION returns a result set of distinct rows combined from both input sets
Duplicates are removed during query processing (affects performance)
The Venn diagram uses the blue to represent rows returned from the Employees table. The blue color signifies that the query will return all records from Employees and those that also occur in Customers.
Note that duplicates are filtered by UNION, regardless of which input result sets they occur in. To be filtered, duplicate data does not have to exist in both input result sets.
If you are comfortable with execution plans and feel that the class won’t be too confused, consider displaying and comparing the execution plans from the UNION example in this topic and the UNION ALL example in the next one.
Employees
Customers
-- only distinct rows from both queries are returned
SELECT country, region, city FROM HR.Employees
UNION
SELECT country, region, city FROM Sales.Customers;

6. Using the UNION ALL Operator
20761B
Using the UNION ALL Operator
12: Using Set Operators
UNION ALL returns a result set with all rows from both input sets
To avoid the performance penalty caused by filtering duplicates, use UNION ALL over UNION whenever requirements allow it
-- all rows from both queries will be returned
SELECT country, region, city FROM HR.Employees
UNION ALL
SELECT country, region, city FROM Sales.Customers;

7. Using the INTERSECT Operator
20761B
Using the INTERSECT Operator
12: Using Set Operators
INTERSECT returns the distinct set of rows that appear in both input result sets
The Venn diagram uses the darker blue color to represent rows returned from the Employees table. All rows from Employees will be returned, when they are also found in the Customers table.
Employees
Customers
-- only rows that exist in both queries will be returned
SELECT country, region, city FROM HR.Employees
INTERSECT
SELECT country, region, city FROM Sales.Customers;

8. Using the EXCEPT Operator
20761B
Using the EXCEPT Operator
12: Using Set Operators
EXCEPT returns only distinct rows that appear in the left set but not the right
The order in which sets are specified matters
The Venn diagram uses the darker color (blue) to represent rows returned from the Employees table. All rows from Employees will be returned, except those found in the Customers table.
Employees
Customers
-- only rows from Employees will be returned
SELECT country, region, city FROM HR.Employees
EXCEPT
SELECT country, region, city FROM Sales.Customers;

9. Using UPDATE to Modify Data
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Using UPDATE to Modify Data
7: Using DML to Modify Data
UPDATE changes all rows in a table or view
Unless rows are filtered with a WHERE clause or constrained with a JOIN clause
Column values are changed with the SET clause
UPDATE Production.Products
SET unitprice = (unitprice * 1.04)
WHERE categoryid = 1 AND discontinued = 0 ;
UPDATE Production.Products
SET unitprice *= 1.04
-- Using compound
-- assignment operators
WHERE categoryid = 1 AND discontinued = 0;

10. Using DELETE, DROP and TRUNCATE
20761B
Using DELETE, DROP and TRUNCATE
7: Using DML to Modify Data
DELETE is used to delete data in the table
DELETE from table Where column_name=value
DROP is used to delete objects
DROP table table_name
TRUNCATE is used to remove all records from the object
Truncate table table_name

11. Demonstration: Using UNION and UNION ALL
20761B
Demonstration: Using UNION and UNION ALL
12: Using Set Operators
In this demonstration, you will see how to:
Use UNION and UNION ALL
Emphasize to students that this functionality is identical between Azure SQL Server and a locally-installed version.
Preparation Steps
Start the MSL-TMG1, 20761B-MIA-DC, and 20761B-MIA-SQL virtual machines.
Demonstration Steps
Ensure that the MSL-TMG1, 20761B-MIA-DC, and 20761B-MIA-SQL virtual machines are running, and then log on to 20761B-MIA-SQL as ADVENTUREWORKS\Student with the password Pa$$w0rd.
Run D:\Demofiles\Mod12\Setup.cmd as an administrator.
In the User Account Control dialog box, click Yes.
At the command prompt, type y, and then press Enter.
Wait for the script to finish, and then press any key.
Start SQL Server Management Studio and connect to the MIA-SQL database engine instance using Windows authentication.
Open the Demo.ssmssln solution in the D:\Demofiles\Mod12\Demo folder.
In Solution Explorer, expand Queries, and double-click the 11 - Demonstration A.sql script file.
Select the code under the comment Step 1, and then click Execute.
Select the code under the comment Step 2, and then click Execute.
Select the code under the comment Step 3, and then click Execute.
Keep SQL Server Management Studio open for the next demonstration.

12. Demonstration: Using EXCEPT and INTERSECT
20761B
Demonstration: Using EXCEPT and INTERSECT
12: Using Set Operators
In this demonstration, you will see how to:
Use UPDATE, DELETE, DROP, TRUNCATE
Preparation Steps
Complete the previous demonstration in this module.
Demonstration Steps
In Solution Explorer, open the 21 - Demonstration B.sql script file.
Select the code under the comment Step 1, and then click Execute.
Select the code under the comment Step 2, and then click Execute.
Select the code under the comment Step 3, and then click Execute.
Keep SQL Server Management Studio open for the next demonstration.