1. Topic 5: Hydraulics and Pneumatics
Hydraulics: use the force of a liquid in a confined space, such as an oil pipeline.
Hydraulics apply apply two essential characteristics of fluids- their incompressibility and their ability to transmit pressure.
Howstuffworks "A Hydraulic System“

2. Vocabulary Terms
Hydraulic systems
Pneumatic systems
Valve
Pumps

3. Pneumatic systems do not seal gas-usually air- in a mechanical system in the same way that hydraulic systems seal in hydraulic fluid.
Air passes through the pneumatic device under high pressure and then escapes out the device.
High pressure air may come from a machine that draws in outside air and compresses it.

4. Pneumatics at Work
Jackhammer
Pneumatic nailers
Sandblasters

5. Riding on Air
Used to transport people, cars, and equipment long distances over land or water.
Use powerful pumps which draw in outside air and pump it out through holes in the bottom of the hovercraft.
A skirt around the bottom holds enough air to support the weight of the craft above water or land.
A hovercraft can support extremely heavy loads.
Propellers drive the hovercraft forward, and rudders are used to steer it.

6. Homemade Hovercraft.. Video
YouTube - The last hovercraft

7. Hydraulics at Work
Backhoe
Bulldozer
Cherry picker

8. Hydraulics and Pneumatics in Your Body
Your body’s respiratory system is more complex than any pneumatic machinery.
This system is made of lungs; tubes that allow air to enter and leave the lungs; and muscles that cause your lungs to expand and contract.

9. Valves and Pumps Valve: used to control the fluid
A valve is a movable part that controls the flow of fluid by opening and closing
Valves can be made to operate automatically using the pressure that the valve is controlling
Many pumps use automatic valves controlled by pressure to move fluids in a specific direction
The valve is pushed open by pressure on one side and will close if the pressure becomes greater on the other side of the valve

10. YouTube - Pumps Your Blood