1. Immunity and Immune cells
Dr. Sadaf Mumtaz
16/01/12

2. Immunity
Body’s ability to resist or eliminate potentially harmful foreign material or abnormal cells
Innate Immunity
Non-specific
Acquired Immunity
Specific

3. Immune cells Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils Monocytes Lymphocytes
B Lymphocytes
T Lymphocytes

4. Innate Immunity Inflammation----neutrophils and macrophages
Interferons—defend against viral infection
NK cells – Lymphocyte like cells
The complementary system

5. Phagocyte secreted chemicals in inflammation
Neutrophils
Lactoferin binds tightly with iron
Kallikren converts specific plasma protein precursors
produced by the liver into kinins
activate nearby nerve endings
Powerful chemotaxis of more neutrophils
Mast cells & Basophils
Histamine and heparin
Macrophages
NO toxic to near by microbes
Endogenous pyrogens-fever
IL-1--- fever & proliferation of B & T lymphocytes
Leucocyte endogenous mediator
Decreases plasma concentration of iron--Anemia
Stimulates synthesis and release of neutrophils from bone marrow

6. Fever Augments phagocytosis
Increase the rate of many enzyme dependent inflammatory activities
Interfere with bacterial multiplication by increasing bacterial requirements for iron

7. Interferons Named for its ability to ‘interfere’
Provides non-specific resistance to viral infection

8. NK cells NK cells Cytotoxic T cells Lymphocyte like cells Lymphocytes
Non-specifically destroy virus infected and cancer
Specific destruction of virus infected and cancer
Immediate assault
Require a maturation period
Less in number
More abundant

9. Acquired immunity

10. B cell mediated immunity

11. Primary and secondary immune responses

12. Antibodies IgM IgG IgE IgA IgD
Secreted in early stages of plasma cell response
IgG
Most abundant Ig in the blood, produced copiously upon second exposure
IgE
Protects against parasitic worms, antibody mediator for common allergic responses such as hay fever, asthma, hives
IgA
Found in secretions e.g digestive, genitourinary, milk , tears, saliva etc
IgD
Function is uncertain

13. Structure of Antibody

14. How Antibodies work

15. Complement System

16. Activation of T cells

17. Processing of MHC self-antigen and foreign antigen complex

18. Regulation of immune system

19. Cytotoxic T cell

20. Helper cell types IL-12 IL-4 TH 1 TH 2 Cell mediated immunity
B-cell mediated immunity

21. MHC1 & MHC 11

22. Thanks