1. Histology of cartilage

2. Histology of cartilage
Introduction
Modified (solid type) of connective tissue.
Forms the skeletal basis of some parts of the body.
Avascular
E.g. Auricle of the ear, lower part of the nose.
Histology of cartilage

3. Histology of cartilage
Components
Cells
Matrix
Chondrocytes
Fibers
Collagen OR
Elastic fibers
Ground substance
Tissue fluid
GAG & proteoglycans
Histology of cartilage

4. Histology of cartilage
Chondrocytes
Derived - chondroblast
Chondroblast - mesenchymal cell
Seen in spaces - lacunae
Histology of cartilage

5. Histology of cartilage
3 types of cartilage
Hyaline cartilage
Elastic cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Histology of cartilage

6. Histology of cartilage

7. Matrix (fibers + ground substances)
Type II collagen fibers
Proteoglycans, Hyaluronic acid
Capsule or territorial matrix
Interterritorial matrix
Lacunae (tiny spaces in the matrix)
Isogenous cell nest / CELL NESTS (offspring of a common parent cell).
Histology of cartilage

8. Histology of cartilage
Seen under microscope
Histology of cartilage

9. Hyaline cartilage Fibrous layer Chondrogenic layer Perichondrium
Chondroblasts
Cell nest
Matrix
Chondrocyte in lacuna

10. Hyaline cartilage- magnified
Terretorial matrix
Interterretorial matrix
Chondrocyte in lacuna
Cell nest

11. Histology of cartilage
Distribution
Costal cartilage
Articular cartilage
Thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid
Tracheal rings
Part of nasal septum
Epiphyseal plate
Histology of cartilage

12. Elastic cartilage (yellow fibrocartilage)
Greater flexibility.
Ground substance contains abundance of branching and anastomosing elastic fibres.
No isogenous cell nests.
Chondrocytes are found in single or in small groups.
Histology of cartilage

13. Histology of cartilage
Elastic cartilage
Histology of cartilage

14. Elastic cartilage (microscopic view)
Histology of cartilage

15. Elastic cartilage Fibrous layer Chondrogenic layer Chondroblast
Perichondrium
Chondroblast
Matrix with elastic fibers
Chondrocyte in the lacuna

16. Histology of cartilage
Distribution
Auricle & lateral part of the external acoustic meatus.
Medial part of auditory tube.
Histology of cartilage

17. Histology of cartilage
Epiglottis, corniculate, cuneiform, apical part of arytenoid.
Histology of cartilage

18. Histology of cartilage
White fibrocartilage
It is intermediate between Dense connective tissue and hyaline cartilage (tensile strength)
Chondrocytes are found in singles or in rows with bundles of collagen with little matrix.
No perichondrium.
Bundles of collagen (type1)
Histology of cartilage

19. Histology of cartilage
White fibrocartilage
Histology of cartilage

20. White fibrocartilage (microscopic view)
Histology of cartilage

21. White-fibro cartilage
Chondrocyte
Matrix

22. Histology of cartilage
Distribution
Secondary cartilaginous joints
intervertebral discs,
pubic symphysis.
Histology of cartilage

23. Histology of cartilage
Articular discs
Histology of cartilage

24. Histology of cartilage
Menisci of the knee joint
Histology of cartilage

25. Histology of cartilage
Growth of Cartilage
Interstitial Growth ??
Appositional Growth??
Histology of cartilage

26. Histology of cartilage