1. Trophic Signatures of Marine Organisms in the Mediterranean as Compared with Other Ecosystems
Rainer Froese1, Stefan Garthe2,
Daniel Pauly3, Uwe Piatkowski1
1) Institute of Marine Research, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, Kiel, Germany,
2) Research and Technology Centre (FTZ), University of Kiel, Hafentörn, Büsum, Germany
3) Fisheries Centre, 2204 Main Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada V6T 1Z4

2. Content of Presentation
Large Marine Ecosystems
Material and Methods
Comparing the Mediterranean
Scale-free Networks

3. Large Marine Ecosystems
An Introduction to LMEs >>
What are the LMEs >>

4. Material & Methods What are Trophic Levels? >> >>
How to Estimate Trophic Levels >> >>
Marine Mammals Data (Daniel Pauly)
Marine Birds Data (Stephan Garthe)
Cephalopod Data (Uwe Piatkowski)
Fish Data (
>>

5. How to Estimate Trophic Levelss
Troph = mean troph of food items + 1
where the mean is weighted by the contribution of the different food items
TL = (50% * TL1 + 50% * TL 2 ) / 100% + 1 = 2.5
<<

6. Global Marine Fish Species by Trophic Level

7. Fish in the Mediterranean

8. Mediterranean vs Tropical

9. Mediterranean vs Temperate

10. Comparison of Six LMEs

11. Size of Mediterranean Fishes

12. Size in other LMEs

13. Mediterranean Size vs Other LMEs

14. Distribution vs Length

15. Distribution vs Length: Mediterranean

16. Mammals, Birds and Cephalopods in the Mediterranean

17. Mammals, Birds, and Cephalopods in the North Sea

18. Trophic Pyramid Mediterranean

19. Trophic Pyramid North Sea

20. Summary on Trophic Signatures
Trophic signatures represent long-term characteristics of ecosystems
They are useful to compare and classify ecosystems
Trophic species pyramids also appear to be promising decriptors
Taxonomy and trophic relationships of invertebrates need more attention

21. Distributions I
Many biological parameters have a normal or log-normal distribution:
size at age
offspring per female
oxygen consumption per body mass
distance between worm holes
species counts per area in a given habitat

22. Distributions II
Many other biological parameters follow a (negative) power function:
number of sexual partners
number of habitats
number of food items
Such distributions are scale-free networks

23. Scale-free Network Mediterranean

24. Thank You