1. COLONIZATION REVIEW

2. The French and Spanish in Georgia

3. Spanish Missions in Georgia

4. Think About
Why did England, France, and Spain establish colonies in North America?
What resources did these European Nations hope to find in North America?

5. Mercantilism
Beginning around 1650, the British pursued a policy of mercantilism in international trade.

6. Mercantilism is a system of trade where colonies sold raw materials to England who used those resources to produce manufactured goods that were sold to colonies.

7. MERCANTILISM COLONIES ENGLAND $$$ RESOURCES TIMBER IRON FISH
MANUFACTURED GOODS
ENGLAND
INDIGO
RICE
COTTON

8. Mercantilism
To achieve this balance of trade, the English passed laws exclusively benefitting the British economy. These laws created a trade system whereby Americans provided raw goods to Britain, and Britain used the raw goods to produce manufactured goods that were sold in European markets and back to the colonies.

9. Who Benefits from Mercantilism?
2 £ ( British Pounds) = $4
12 £ ( British Pounds) = $24
For every $4 of timber the colonists sold to England, England manufactures were able to make a table that sold for $24. Under mercantilism, colonist had to buy their furniture from England because England always wanted to maintain a favorable balance of trade.

10. Triangular Trade

11. Homeless in
America

12. The Colonization of Georgia

13. James Oglethorpe’s Georgia
James Oglethorpe was able to convince King George to give him a charter.
Oglethorpe was famous for prison reform in England

14. Seems like a great idea, right?
Remove debtors from England and move them to a place where they can be productive and work off their debts.
Less crime, less people in prison…

15. Oglethorpe proposed the name…
What’s in a name?
Oglethorpe proposed the name…
Think about it, what King (or person) wouldn’t want a place named after them?
Georgia

17. Quick Review What is significant about the Carolinas?
What are the English making profits on in the new colonies?
What significant material have the English not been able to reproduce?
Who is located south of the Carolinas?
Quick Review

18. Economics
& Defense

19. Official Charter Georgia’s official charter had 3 purposes:
Charity: relieve poverty and unemployment in England  worthy poor
Economics: increase Britain’s trade and wealth
Defense: provide a good buffer zone for Spanish Attacks

20. Georgia Becomes a Colony
James Edward Oglethorpe and 20 other influential men in Great Britain made a plan to create a colony for the working poor. They envisioned a colony for people who faced jail time for bad debts.
In 1732, King George II created a charter allowing 21 Trustees, including Oglethorpe, to create a Georgia colony and oversee it for 21 years. It included the land between the Savannah and Altamaha rivers and extended west to the Pacific Ocean.
Oglethorpe promised that silk, dyes, wine, spices, and semi-tropical fruit would be sent from Georgia back to England.

22. Tomochichi Chief of the Yamacraw Indians
Principal mediator between the native population and the Europeans who were settling in Georgia
Helped the new colony be successful

23. The Yamacraw Indians
Oglethorpe and Chief Tomochichi returned from a trip to England in 1736 with 300 more settlers, including German protestants from Salzburg and Saxony.

24. Mary Musgrove Married to John Musgrove
Translator for Oglethorpe and Tomochichi
Active merchant and trader, she used her position of power for her own gain
She was a cultural liaison

25. Georgia Trustees Not allowed to make money Not allowed to own property
Why?
Non sibi sed aliis
("Not for self, but for others“)

26. Georgia Becomes a Colony
Oglethorpe, surveyor Noble Jones, and Colonel William Bell designed the city of Savannah and built along the Savannah River to facilitate shipping.
The streets formed several squares that were divided into blocks (called “tythings”) and wards. The center of each square was for social, political, and religious gatherings.
All but three of Oglethorpe's original squares exist in Savannah today.

27. Savannah

28. Georgia Becomes a Colony
After the colonists developed the colony they were given their own slot of land.
50 acres + tools
500 acres + tools + 10 servants
Colonists had to use a portion of their land to grow mulberry trees for silkworms
They had to work the land according to the charter for ten years to pay off their debt.

29. The other side… Alcohol was not allowed in the colony, why?
Slavery was not permitted, why?
Colonists owned the land, but if they moved, or past away, the land went back to the trust, or leaders.

30. Georgia Becomes a Colony
Catholics were not allowed to settle in Georgia under the charter signed by King George II.
Why is this significant?

31. Georgia Becomes a Colony
Forty original settlers died in the first year, including the only doctor.
In 1733, 42 Jewish settlers were allowed to settle in Georgia, including a much-needed doctor.

32. How many of you believe this is a Christian Church?
Temple Mickve Israel

33. Georgia Becomes a Colony
In 1733, a group of German protestants from Salzburg arrived, and settled a town called Ebenezer, about 25 miles from Savannah.
Three years later they moved to Red Bluff and settled New Ebenezer.

34. The Yamacraw Indians

35. Georgia Becomes a Colony
No debtors actually made it to Georgia… why?

36. Georgia Colonists Become Discontent
Regulations enforced by Oglethorpe did not allow rum trade, buying large tracts of land, or use of slave labor.
South Carolina used slave labor to successfully grow rice, tobacco, and cotton on large plantations. Farmers in Georgia wanted the same “success” that South Carolina farmers had.

37. Georgia Colonists Become Discontent
Many Georgians moved to places in the colony where they basically could live as they wished.
By 1742, Georgians were allowed to buy and sell rum. Slavery was introduced in The colony named for King George II was changing.

38. The War Against Spain
The War of Jenkin’s Ear broke out between Great Britain and Spain in Oglethorpe organized an army of about 2,000 men with plans to capture Spanish forts in Florida. Spain responded and forced the Georgians, South Carolinians, and their Indian allies to retreat to St. Simon’s Island.

39. Battle of Bloody Marsh Over 2 years there were several attacks
July 1742 Oglethorpe took his chances
Assisted by the Highland Scots waited in the marshes of SSI.
Spanish were caught
by surprise and were
forced to retreat back
to Florida

40. The Post Oglethorpe Era Begins
Oglethorpe left the Georgia colony for England in 1743 and never returned.
In 1752, one year before the initial 21-year charter was to expire, the trustees returned Georgia to the authority of King George II.
In its first 20 years as a colony, Georgia’s population grew to 5,500 people, of which one-third were slaves. Protestants from Europe found safe haven in Georgia.
Treaties with Native Americans and victory over the Spanish settlers in Florida provided security to the Georgia colonists.

41. Royal Governors
Royal Colony: a colony directly ruled by the King of England
John Reynolds: The first Royal Governor of Georgia; not well liked by colonists; allowed for slavery, and the colonists could buy land and alcohol.
Henry Ellis: taught the colonists about self-government; attempted to abolish slavery but failed; established parishes (counties); positive relationship with Native Americans
James Wright: last Royal Governor of Georgia, did not get a long with Native Americans; did not allow for colonists to acquire Native American land