1. Social Changes (1750 – 1900)
Ch. 23 (pp. 668 – 681)

2. Native Americans
Post-independence, U.S. Westward expansion resulted in conflict with natives
Native communities developed on the edges of the U.S. colonies
Ex. Cherokee Nation; one of the “five civilized tribes”

3. Native Americans Indian Removal Act of 1830
Forced natives to West Coast reservations
Trail of Tears

5. Native Americans
Continued westward expansion led to decades of conflict between colonists and natives
Natives adopted guns & horses
Colonel Custer and the Battle of Little Bighorn
Sitting Bull’s Ghost Dance Rebellion led to the Battle at Wounded Knee

6. African Americans
Early 19th century, British led movement to end the slave trade
Women and freed slaves promoted abolition movement in the Americas
Ex. Frederick Douglas

7. African Americans
After slaves gained their freedom they were often victims of discrimination/segregation

8. Women’s Rights
Demands for women’s suffrage and an emergent feminism challenged political and gender hierarchies
Suffrage = voting… not suffering
Ex. Mary Wollstonecraft's “A Vindication of the Rights of Woman”
Ex. The resolutions passed at the Seneca Falls Conference in 1848

9. Women’s Rights
“This has been the language of man since he laid aside the whip as a means to keep women in subjection. He spares her body, but the war he has waged against her mind, her heart, and her soul, has been no less destructive to her as a moral being. How monstrous is the doctrine that woman is to be dependent on man!”
An passage by Sarah Grimke spoken at Seneca Falls Conference in 1848

10. Immigration Global populations were rising Rising food production
Introduction of new medicine

11. Immigration
Internal and external migrants increasingly relocated to cities
Most moved freely in search of work
Ex. manual laborers

12. Immigration Forced (coerced) labor remained Slavery
Chinese and Indian indentured servitude
Later led to Chinese Exclusion Acts in the US
Convict labor

13. Immigration Many migrants permanently relocated
Some temporary and seasonal migrants returned to their home societies
Italians in Argentina

14. Environmental Effects
Rapid urbanization that accompanied global capitalism often led to unsanitary conditions “When confronted by a choice between economic growth and environmental protection, all of the Western hemisphere’s nations embraced growth…”