1. TOPIC: Regulation AIM: How does the nervous system carry out regulation?

2. TOPIC: Regulation AIM: How does the nervous system regulate the body
TOPIC: Regulation AIM: How does the nervous system regulate the body? DO NOW: What is the function of your brain?

4. Control & Coordination (sends messages) Helps maintain HOMEOSTASIS
FUNCTION
REGULATION
Control & Coordination
(sends messages)
Helps maintain HOMEOSTASIS

5. Impulse
Electric & chemical message

6. Stimulus
Change in the environment  starts impulse causes response

7. Receptor
Picks up stimuli
Sense organs
Eyes, ears, nose, skin, tongue

9. Reaction to a stimulus
Response

11. Effector
Produces a response
Muscle or gland

13. Neuron
Nerve cell

14. The Nerve
A nerve is an organ containing a bundle of nerve cells called neurons.
Neurons carry electrical messages called impulses throughout the body.
Picture shows hundreds of severed neuron axons

15. 1. Dendrites: receive impulse
Parts
Of a
Neuron

17. 2. Cell body/cyton: contains nucleus
3. Axon: carries impulse away from cell body

18. 4. Terminal branches: send impulse to next neuron

19. Schwann Cells Surround axon Produce myelin: helps impulse move faster

20. Impulse in a Neuron TYPICAL MOTOR NEURON dendrite muscle tissue Axon
synapse
cell body
cell
body

21. Synapse
Space between neurons

23. How do
impulses
travel
across
synapses?
1. Impulse reaches terminal branches

24. 2. Neurotransmitters (chemicals) released into synapse

25. 3. NT carry impulse across synapse

26. 4. Impulse starts & travels over next neuron

27. Neurotransmitters Synapse (gap)
Because neurons never touch, chemical signalers called neurotransmitters must travel through the space called synapse between two neurons.
Neurotransmitters
(pink
spheres)
Synapse (gap)

29. Review: Identify the term being described.
The reaction to a stimulus.
Muscle or gland that causes the response.
Something in the environment that initiates an impulse.
An electric and chemical message.
Sense organs that detect the stimulus.

30. AIM: How does the nervous system regulate the body?
TOPIC: Regulation
AIM: How does the nervous system regulate the body?
DO NOW:
You are baking cookies at home. Your oven timer goes off and you take the cookies out of the oven Identify the:
a. Stimulus c. Response
b. Receptor d.Effector

31. DID YOU KNOW?
There are about 3 million miles of axons in the human brain. The human brain has 100 trillion synaptic connections.

32. 3 Types of Neurons

33. Sensory
Neurons
Carry impulses from receptors to brain & spinal cord

34. Make up brain & spinal cord2.
Interneurons
Make up brain & spinal cord

35. 3. Motor
Neurons
Carry impulses from interneurons to effectors to carry out a response

37. Sensory Neuron S I M
Interneuron
Motor Neuron

38. Types of Neurons Synapse Synapse Motor Neuron Synapse Muscle Contracts
Interneuron
Synapse
Synapse
Motor Neuron
Synapse
Muscle Contracts
Sensory Neuron

39. 3 types of neurons
Interneuron
Sensory neuron
Motor Neuron

40. Reflex
Arc
Path of an impulse
Simple response to a stimulus

42. Receptor R S I M E
Sensory neuron
Interneuron
Motor neuron
Effector

43. Interneuron (brain & SC)
Sensory neuron
Motor neuron
Effector F
Receptor
RESPONSE
STIMULUS

44. Review: Identify the type of neurons described.
1. Carry impulse from receptors to the CNS system.
2. Carry impulses to the effectors.
3. Only found in the brain and spinal cord.
4. Carry impulses away from sense organs.
5. Connects sensory and motor neurons.

45. What type of neurons make up the brain and spinal cord?
TOPIC: Regulation
AIM: How does the nervous system regulate the body?
DO NOW:
What type of neurons make up the brain and spinal cord?

47. TOPIC: Regulation
AIM: How does the nervous system regulate the body?
DO NOW:
Identify all parts of the reflex arc.
The fire alarm rings and we all leave the building. Identify the:
Stimulus, receptor, response, effector

48. What is a reflex? Involuntary, automatic response to a stimulus
Body responds without having to think about it
Controlled in spinal cord, not the brain

49. People typically blink about 15 times per minute
People typically blink about 15 times per minute. If you are awake for 16 hours each day, then you blink approximately 14,400 each day!

50. Nervous System
1. Central Nervous System
2. Peripheral Nervous System

51. Central
Nervous
System
(CNS)
Brain & Spinal Cord

52. Parts of the Brain
(Medulla)

53. 1.
Cerebrum
Largest part

54. Controls:
a. voluntary activities

55. b. the senses

56. c. memory, thinking, & reasoning

58. Coordination & BALANCE2.
Cerebellum
Back of the brain
Coordination & BALANCE

59. 3. Medulla
Oblongata
Brain stem
Controls involuntary activities
(Breathing, heartbeat, digestion)

61. Cranium
Protects brain

62. Spinal
Cord
Pathway bw brain & rest of the body
Controls reflexes

63. Protected by spinal column
(vertebrae & cartilage)

64. Peripheral
Nervous
System
(PNS)
Nerves that branch off brain & spinal cord

65. Lead to VOLUNTARY organs
Divisions of the PNS
1. Somatic NS
Lead to VOLUNTARY organs
(Skeletal muscles)

66. 2. Autonomic NS
Lead to INVOLUNTARY organs
(heart, stomach, lungs…)

67. DIVIDED INTO:
Sympathetic NS
Controls organs in times of stress
(fight or flight)

68. b. Parasympathetic NS
Controls organs in times of rest
(rest & digest)

73. Divisions of the NS

74. Explain the difference between the CNS and the PNS.
Review:
Explain the difference between the CNS and the PNS.
Explain the two divisions of the PNS.
Identify the part of the brain being described:
Controls heart rate
Regulates balance
Controls memory
Regulates breathing rate
Controls thinking

75. What does this diagram represent? Identify all labeled structures.
What chemical is secreted by structure F?
What is the space between neurons called?

76. Review: Identify the part of the neuron being described.
Long part of neuron that carries the impulse to the terminal branches.
First part of the neuron that receives the impulse.
Release neurotransmitters.
Contains the nucleus.
Helps the impulse travel faster.
The space in between two neurons.

77. DID YOU KNOW?
There are approximately 100 billion neurons in the human brain. The average brain weighs about 3 pounds.